又稱赤栴檀。栴檀為香樹名,出自牛頭山,故曰牛頭栴檀。名義集三曰:「正法會經云:此洲有山名曰高山,高山之峰多有牛頭栴檀,以此山峰狀如牛頭於此峰中生栴檀樹,故名牛頭。華嚴云:摩羅耶山出栴檀香名曰牛頭,若以塗身,設入火坑火不能燒。大論云:除摩梨山無出栴檀香。」智度論十八曰:「除摩黎山一切無出栴檀木。」西域記十曰:「國南海濱有秣刺耶山,崇崖峻嶺洞谷深澗,其中則有白檀樹。栴檀儞婆樹,樹類白檀,不可以別。唯於盛夏登高遠瞻,其有大蛇縈者,於是知之。猶其木性涼冷,故蛇盤也。既見已射箭為記,冬蟄之後,方乃採伐。」觀佛三昧海經一謂:「牛頭栴檀,生伊蘭叢中,牙莖枝葉,如閻浮提竹筍。仲秋月滿,卒從地生,成栴檀樹。眾人皆聞牛頭栴檀上妙之香。」梵Gośīrṣaka-candana。
牛檀栴檀; 牛檀香 gośīrṣa-candana, ox-head sandal-wood, also styled 赤栴檀 red sandal-wood; said to come from the Ox-head mountains, and if rubbed on the body to make one impervious to fire, also generally protective against fire, curative of wounds and generally medicinal. 'The first image of Śākyamuni was made of this wood. ' Eitel. 西域記 10.