a 1.1 · a 2.1 · a 2.2
A - 1 the preposition ā shortened before double consonants, as akkosati (ā + kr̥uś), akkhāti (ā + khyā), abbahati (ā + br̥h). — Best to be classed here is the a- we call expletive. It represents a reduction of ā- (mostly before liquids and nasals and with single consonant instead of double). Thus anantaka (for ā-nantaka = nantaka) Vv 80 7 ; amajjapa (for ā-majjapa = majjapa) Ja VI 328; amāpaya (for ā-māpaya = māpaya) Ja VI 518; apassiveto (= passintassa) Ja VI 552. A - 2 (an° before vowels) [Vedic a-, an-; Indo-Germanic °n, gradation form to °ne (see na 2 ); Greek ά, άν-; Latin °en-, in-; Gothic, Old High German and Anglo-Saxon un-; Old-Irish an-, in-] negative particle prefixed to (1) nouns and adjectives; (2) verbal forms, used like (1), whether particle, gerund, gerundive or infinitive; (3) finite verbal forms. In compounds with words having originally two initial consonants the latter reappear in their assimilated form (e.g. appaṭicchavin). In meaning it equals na-, nir- and vi-. Often we find it opposed to sa-. Verbal negatives which occur in specific verbal function will be enumerated separately, while examples of negative formation of (1) and (2) are given under their positive form unless the negative involves a distinctly new concept, or if its form is likely to lead to confusion or misunderstanding. — Concerning the combining and contrasting (original negative) °a- (ā-) in reduplicated formations like bhava-ā-bhava see ā° 4 . A - 3 [Vedic a-; Indo-Germanic °e (locative of pronoun stem, cf. ayaṃ; original a deictic adverb with specific reference to the past, cf. Sanskrit sma); Greek ἐ-; also in Greek ἐκεῖ, Latin equidem, enim] the augment (sign of action in the past), prefixed to the root in preterit, preterit and conditional tenses; often omitted in ordinary prose. See forms under each verb; cf. also ajja. Identical with this a- is the a- which functions as base of some pronoun forms like ato, attha, asu etc. (q.v.). A - 4 the sound "a" (a-kāra) Ja VI 328, 552; Vv-a 279, 307, 311.
completely filled with compassion, {rgyun mi chad pa} uninterrupted, {'gog pa med pa} unceasing
1. a the first letter of the alphabet
2. a ( pragfhya , q.v. ), a vocative particle [ a ananta , O Viṣṇu ], T.
3. a (before a vowel an , exc. a-fRin ), a prefix corresponding to Gk. ἀ , ἀν , Lat. in , Goth. and Germ. un , Eng. in or un , and having a negative or privative or contrary sense ( an-eka not one; an-anta endless; a-sat not good; a-paSyat not seeing)
…该来源共 6 条释义
巴利文字母表的羅馬化拼音第一個母音字母。發音好像漢語中去聲的 a 。
a The first letter of the Nāgarī Alphabet. — aH [ avati, atati sAtatvena tizWatIti vA; av-at vA, qa Tv. ] 1 N. of Viṣṇu, the first of the three sounds constituting the sacred syllable om ; akAro vizRuruddizwa ukArastu maheSvaraH . makArastu smfto brahmA praRavastu trayAtmakaH .. ; for more explanation of the three syllables a, u, m see om . 2 N. of Śiva, Brahmā, Vāyu, or Vaiśvānara. — ind. 1 A prefix corresponding to Latin in , Eng. in or un , Gr. a or an , and joined to nouns, adjectives, indeclinables (or even to verbs) as a substitute for the negative particle naY , and changed to an before vowels except in the word a-fRin . The senses of na usually enumerated are six- ( a ) sAdfSya ‘likeness’ or ‘resemblance’; abrAhmaRaH one like a Brāhmaṇa (wearing the sacred thread &c.), but not a Brāhmaṇa, but a Kṣatriya, or Vaiśya; anikzu : a reed appearing like ikzu , but not a true ikzu . ( b ) aBAva ‘absence’, ‘negation’, ‘want’, ‘privation’; ajYAnaM absence of knowledge, ignorance; akroDaH, anaMgaH, akaMwakaH , aGawaH &c. ( c ) Beda ‘difference’ or ‘distinction’; apawaH not a cloth, something different from, or other than, a cloth. ( d ) alpatA ‘smallness’, ‘diminution’, used as a diminutive particle; anudarA having a slender waist ( kfSodarI or tanumaDyamA ). ( e ) aprASastya ‘badness,’ ‘unfitness,’ having a depreciative sense; akAlaH wrong or improper time; akAryaM not fit to be done, improper, unworthy, bad act. ( f ) viroDa ‘opposition’, ‘contrariety’; anItiH the opposite of morality, immorality; asita not ( pb ) white, black; asura not a god, a demon &c. These senses are put together in the following verse: - tatsAdfSyamaBAvaSca tadanyatvaM tadalpatA . aprASastyaM viroDaSca naYarTAH zaw prakIrtitAH .. See na also. With verbal derivatives, such as gerunds, infinitives, participles, it has usually the sense of ‘not’; adagDvA not having burnt: apaSyan not seeing; so asakft not once; amfzA, akasmAt &c. Sometimes a does not affect the sense of the second member; a-paScima that which has no last, i. e. last; anuttama having no superior, unsurpassed, most excellent; for examples see the words. 2 An interjection of ( a ) Pity ( ah! ) a avadyaM P. I. 1. 14 Sk. ( b ) Reproach, censure (fie, shame); apacasi tvaM jAlma P. VI. 3. 73 Vārt. See akaraRi, ajIvani also. ( c ) Used in addressing; a anaMta . ( d ) It is also used as a particle of prohibition. 3 The augment prefixed to the root in the formation of the Imperfect, Aorist and Conditional Tenses. N-B . -The application of this privative prefix is practically unlimited; to give every possible case would almost amount to a dictionary itself. No attempt will, therefore, be made to give every possible combination of this prefix with a following word; only such words as require a special explanation, or such as most frequently occur in the literature and enter into compounds, with other words, will be given; others will be found self-explaining when the English ‘in,’ ‘un,’ or ‘not,’ is substituted for a or an before the meaning of the second word, or the sense may be expressed by ‘less,’ ‘free from,’ ‘devoid or destitute of’ &c; akaTya unspeakable; adarpa without pride, or freedom from pride; apragalBa not bold; aBaga unfortunate; avitta ( pb ) destitute of wealth &c. &c. In many cases such compounds will be found explained under the second member. Most compounds beginning with a or an are either Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (to be determined by the sense) and should be so dissolved.
(letter, letter, masc) (gram) letter a; 1st letter of the alphabet; guttural vowel
(prefix, prefix) ā prefix shortened before double consonant prefix ā shortened before a double consonant Construction: ā > a
(prefix, prefix) augment added to some aorist, imperfect and conditional verbs augment prefixed to some roots in the Past and Conditional Tenses, e.g. akāsi
…该来源共 6 条释义