saṃ 1.1 · saṃ 2.1 · saṃ 3.1
Saṃ° (indeclinable) [prefix; Indo-Germanic °sem one; one and the same, cf. Greek ὁμαλός even, ἅμα at one, ὁμός together; Sanskrit sama even, the same; samā in the same way; Avesta hama same = Gothic sama, samaϸ together; Latin simul (= simultaneous), similis "re-sembling." Also Sanskrit sa (= sa 2 ) together = Greek ἁ°, ἀ° (e.g. ἅκοιτις); Avesta ha-; and samyak towards one point = Pāli sammā. — Analogously to Latin semel "once," simul, we find sa° as numeral base for "one" in Vedic sakr̥t "once" = Pāli sakid (and sakad), sahasra 1000 = Pāli sahassa, and in adverb sadā "always," literally "in one"] prefix, implying conjunction and completeness. saṃ° is after vi° (19%) the most frequent (16%) of all Pāli prefixes. Its primary meaning is "together" (cf. Latin con°); hence arises that of a closer connection or a more accentuated action than that expressed by the simple verb (intensifying = thoroughly, quite), or noun. Very often merely pleonastic, especially in combination with other prefixes (e.g. sam-anu°, sam-ā°, sam-pa°). In meaning of "near by, together" it is opposed to para°; as modifying prefix it is contrary to abhi° and (more frequently) to vi° (e.g. saṃvadati > vivadati), whereas it often equals pa° (e.g. pamodati > sammodati), with which it is often combined as sampa°; and also abhi° (e.g. abhivaḍḍhati > saṃvaḍḍhati), with which often combined as abhisaṃ-. — Buddhaghosa and Dhammapāla explain saṃ° by sammā (Pj II 151; Pj I 209: so read for samā āgatā), suṭṭhu (see e.g. santasita, santusita), or samantā (= altogether; Pj II 152, 154), or (dogmatically) sakena santena samena (Pj I 240), or as "saṃyoga" Vism 495. — In combination with y we find both saṃy° and saññ°. The usual conṭracted form before r is sā°.
(prefix, prefix) together; with
(abbrev, abbrev) abbreviation of Saṃyutta (Nikāya)
(ind, ind, in comps) own; personal; self- own
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