即三世轉生之意。傳燈錄曰:「有一省郎,夢至碧岩下一老僧前。煙穗極,微云此是檀越結願,香煙存而檀越已三生矣。」白居易詩:「世說三生如不謬,共疑巢許是前身。」案此三生指轉生而言。其外又有諸宗所立三生成佛之義者有數家,今列之如圖。
The three births, or reincarnations, past, present, future. Tiantai has (a) 種 planting the seed; (b) 熟 ripening; (c) 脫 liberating, stripping, or harvesting, i.e. beginning, development, and reward of bodhi, a process either gradual or instantaneous. Huayan has (a) 見聞生 a past life of seeing and hearing Buddha-truth; (b) 解行生 liberation in the present life; (c) 證入生 realization of life in Buddhahood. This is also called 三生成佛, Buddhahood in the course of three lives. There is also a definition of three rebirths as the shortest term for arhatship, sixty kalpas being the longest. There are other definitions.
一三生 (一)指前生、今生、後生。(1)前生,又作前世、宿世。即過去之生涯。(2)今生,又作現世、現生。即現在之生涯。(3)後生,又作後世、來世、來生。即未來之生涯。 (二)三生成佛之略稱。即謂眾生因見聞、解行、證入,而於三生之中即能圓成佛道。此為華嚴宗之教義。(參閱「三生成佛」744)p742
三生總目錄(出華嚴經隨疏演義鈔) 一見聞生。見聞生者。謂八難眾生。宿世見聞華嚴大經正法。不能信受。反生毀謗。故感八難之報。墮地獄中受諸極苦。今蒙如來放足下輪相。清淨功德光明所照。由其宿有見聞華嚴大經善種。即得脫地獄苦。生兜率天而得成道。於一生內超登十地也。(八難者。地獄難。畜生難。餓鬼難。長壽天難。北鬱單越難。盲聾瘖瘂難。世智辨聰難。生在佛前佛後難也。梵語兜率。華言知足。十地者。歡喜地。離垢地。發光地。焰慧地。難勝地。現前地。遠行地。不動地。善慧地。法雲地也。)二解行生。解行生者。謂善財童子。於福城東。初見文殊。得蒙開發而啟信解。遂令參問諸善知識。皆獲開示修行法門。乃至最後參見普賢。令其入於毛孔剎中。修行菩薩廣大願因。圓滿諸佛無上道果。如此解行。即於一生而得圓滿也。三證入生。證入生者。謂舍利弗於逝多林中。令海覺等六千比丘。觀察文殊師利。無量功德。具足莊嚴。彼諸比丘。聞是說已。心意清淨。信解堅固。頂禮文殊。作如是言。仁者所有色身相。好願我悉得。於是文殊為諸比丘開示演說大乘之法。令諸比丘成就深信。獲大智慧。於一生內。證入法界也。(梵語舍利弗。華言身子。梵語逝多。華言勝林。即給孤獨園也。梵語比丘。華言乞士。梵語文殊師利。華言妙德)