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梵語薜荔多Preta,舊譯餓鬼。新譯鬼。名義集二曰:「婆沙云:鬼者畏也,謂虛佉多畏。又威也,能令他畏其威也。又希求為鬼,謂彼餓鬼,恆從他人希求飲食,以活性命。」文句四下曰:「鬼者,胡言闍梨多(闍閉之寫誤),秦言祖父。眾生最初生彼道,故名祖父。後生者亦名祖父。又慳貪墮此趣,此趣多饑渴,故名餓鬼。亦被諸天驅使,亦希望飲食,故名餓鬼。」鬼之種類極多,或如夜叉羅剎,有通力害人者,或如餓鬼常苦饑渴者。此中六趣中之鬼,是說餓鬼也。見餓鬼條。
preta薜荔多, departed, dead; a disembodied spirit, dead person, ghost; a demon, evil being; especially a 餓鬼 hungry ghost. They are of many kinds. The Fan-i ming i classifies them as poor, medium, and rich; each again thrice subdivided: (1) (a) with mouths like burning torches; (b) throats no bigger than needles; (c) vile breath, disgusting to themselves; (2) (a) needle-haired, self-piercing; (b) hair sharp and stinking; (c) having great wens on whose pus they must feed. (3) (a) living on the remains of sacrifices; (b) on leavings in general; (c) powerful ones,yakṣas,rākṣasas,piśācas, etc. All belong to the realm of Yama, whence they are sent everywhere, consequently are ubiquitous in every house, lane, market, mound, stream, tree, etc.
a ghost; spirit of dead
Kangxi radical 194
a devil
…该来源共 10 条释义
一鬼 梵語 preta,巴利語 peta。即具有恐怖形相、令人惱害之怪物。為五道之一,六道之一。通常指逝者、死人之精魂而言。大乘佛教經典於六道中所立之餓鬼道,為遭諸天驅使而常苦飢渴者。另有弊鬼、有威德鬼、無威德鬼、多財餓鬼、無財餓鬼等,皆住於閻魔王界。古代印度,人死後不被供養,則被推測為鬼,而收集此類餓鬼之事跡,稱為餓鬼事經(巴 Petavatthu),為南傳大藏經小部經之一。佛經中所言之阿傍、羅剎、山精、雜魅等,皆為鬼神。另兇暴之精靈、地獄之獄卒,亦為鬼之一種。 此外,據俱舍論卷八載,鬼有胎生、化生二種。另據阿毘達磨順正理論卷三十一舉出炬口鬼、鍼口鬼、臭口鬼、鍼毛鬼、臭毛鬼、癭鬼、希祀鬼、希棄鬼、大勢鬼等九種鬼。又佛典中,冠以「鬼」字之名相極多,如鬼類世界,稱為鬼趣;閻羅王之使者,稱為鬼使;陷於種種邪見,稱為鬼家、鬼家活計、鬼窟裡;鬼魅所造成之災難,稱為鬼難;受鬼魅附著而生病,稱為鬼病;缺乏見識,所知未徹,稱為鬼解;若畜生道與餓鬼道合稱之,則稱鬼畜。〔賢愚經卷十三、佛本行集經卷四十九〕(參閱「九類鬼」252、「鬼神」5516)p5514
六道眾生之一,有種種的分別,福報差的叫無財鬼,時常沒有得吃,所以也叫餓鬼;有些雖有飲食,但是不夠,叫少財鬼;有些福報大,常得飲食,叫多財鬼。