adverb · yathā kathaṃ · yathā kathaṃ pana
as
as; like; in relation to; according to; in whatever way; just as
Yathā (adverb) [from ya°; Vedic yathā; cf. kathā, tathā] as, like, in relation to, after (the manner of). — As preposition (with accusative): according (to some condition, norm or rule): yathā kāmaṃ (already Vedic) according to his desire, after his liking Pv-a 113, 136; y. kālaṃ in time, timely Pv-a 78; matiṃ to his own mind or intention Pv IV 1 67 ; ruciṃ to his satisfaction, amply, satisfactorily Pv-a 88, 126, 242; vibhavaṃ according to their wealth, i.e. plentifully Pv-a 53; sukhaṃ as they liked or pleased Pv-a 133. Sometimes with locative: yathā padese "according to place," in the right place Ja III 391. Or instrumental: y. sattiyā as much as you can Dhp-a I 92; y. manena from his heart, sincerely, voluntarily Dhp-a I 42. — Also with gerund yathā haritvā according to his taking (or reward: see under compound °bhata) It 14 (y. h. nikkhipeyya, which Seidenstücker, not doing justice to context, translates "so wie man etwas nimmt und dann wegwirft"). With following adjective expressing something like "as it were" and often untranslateable (see compounds) — As conjunction: "as if," or "so that": yathā mata like dead Dhp 21; yathā na "in order that not": Vism 31 (y. sarīre ābādhaṃ na uppādeti, evaṃ tassa vinodanatthaṃ); Dhp-a I 311 (y. assa patitaṭthānaṃ na passāmi, tathā naṃ chaḍḍessāmi: so that I shall not see ..., thus shall I throw him). — As adverb just, as, so, even; in combination with other particles: yathā kathaṃ pana how so then, how is it then that S II 283 (cf. yathā tathaṃ under compounds); yathā kiṃ viya somewhat like this Miln 91; yathā pana like as Dhp-a I 158; yatha-r-iva (for yathā-iva) just as D I 90; yathā pi ... evaṃ just as ... so Dhp 51-52. °yatha-y-idaṃ (for yathā-idaṃ) positive: "as just this," "so that," "e.g.," "like," "i.e."; after negation "but" It 8, 9 (na aññaṃ ... yathayidaṃ); Snp 1092 (tvañ ca me dīpam akkhāhi, yathayidaṃ nāparaṃ siyā "so that there be no further ill"; cf. Pj II 597). See also the enlarged forms seyyathā and seyyathīdaṃ. — In correlation with tathā: the same ... as, like ... as, as ... so; Pv I 12 3 (yath'āgato tathā-gato as he has come so has he gone). Often elliptically in direct juxtaposition: yathā tathā in whatever way, in such and such a manner; so and so, according to the occasion; also "correctly, truly, in reality" Snp 504 (tvaṃ h'ettha jānāsi y. t. idaṃ); Pv-a 199 (y. t. vyākāsi). See yathā- {549} tathaṃ under compounds. About phrase yathā taṃ see yathātaṃ. — For further references. on the use of yathā see indexes to Saṃyutta (S VI 81 sub voce yathābhūtaṃ); Aṅguttara (A VI 91 ibid); Sutta-Nipāta (index page 751); and Dhammapada. -ānudhammaṃ according to the rules (leading to enlightenment) Snp 963, cf. Nidd I 481; -ānurūpa suitable, proper Mhv 28, 42; -ānusiṭṭhaṃ in accordance with what has been taught Dhp-a I 158; -ābhirantaṃ (adverb neuter of present participle) to (their) heart's content, as much (or as long) as one likes Vin III 145; Snp 53; Dhp-a I 385; Vv-a 181; -āraddha [= ālabdha] as much as was to be had, sufficient Vin III 160; -ārahaṃ (neuter adverb) as is fit or proper, seeming, fitful, appropriately, duly (cf. Cpd. 111 1 , 118 2 ) S I 226; Snp 403; Pv II 9 23 ; Pv-a 78, 132 (yathā codanaṃ v.l.), 287; Vv-a 139. So to be read at all Pv and Pv-a passages for Text yathā rahaṃ. Very frequent in Mhv e.g. 3, 27; 5, 148; 7, 70; 14, 54; 20, 8; 22, 58; -ālaṅkata dressed as he was, in full (state) dress Dhp-a III 79; -āvajjaṃ "as if to be blamed," i.e. (imitating) whatever is faulty, mimicry of deformities (as a forbidden pastime) D I 7 (= kāṇakuṇi-khañjādīnaṃ yaṃ yaṃ vajjaṃ taṃ taṃ payojetvā dassana-kīḷā Sv I 86); Vin II 10; -icchitaṃ according to one's wish, as he liked, after his heart's content Ja I 27 (verse 188) = Bv II 179; is preferably to be read as yad-icchitaṃ at all Pv-a passages, e.g. Pv-a 3 (°ṃ dento), 110 (°ṭhāna whichever place I like), 265 (where Text has yat°). The editor of Mhv however reads yath° throughout; e.g. 7, 22; 22, 50; -odhi as far as the limit, final, utmost M I 37; Ja III 302; -odhika to (its or their) full extent, altogether, only in phrase yathodhikāni kāmāni Snp 60 (cf. Nidd II §526); Ja III 381 (commentary not quite to the point with explanation "attano odhivasena ṭhitāni," giving variant yatodhikāni, with explanation "yato uparato odhi etesan ti yatodhikāni uparata-koṭṭhāsāni"); IV 487 (with better commentary explanation: "yena yena odhinā thitāni tena tena ṭhitān'eva jahissāmi, na kiñce avasissāmī ti attho"); V 392 (commentary: "yathāṭhita-koṭṭhasāni"); -kamma (ṃ) according to one's karma or action Ja I 57, 109; IV 1. Frequent in phrase yathā-kamm-ūpage satte (pajānāti) "(he recognises) the beings passing away (or undergoing future retribution) according to their deeds" D I 82; M I 482; II 21; III 178; S II 122; A IV 141, 178, 422; V 35; Snp 587; It 99; and yathā-kamm-ūpaga-ñāṇa "the knowledge of specific retribution" Vism 433 f.; Tikap 321; Vibh-a 373 f. (°catuttha); -kāmaṃ according to wish, at random (see above); °-karaṇiya to be done or dealt with ad lib. , i.e. a victim, prey S II 226; IV 91, 159; It 56; -kārin as he does It 122 (corresponds to tathāvādin); -kālaṃ according to time, in one time Mhv 5, 180; -kkamaṃ accusative to order, in one order or succession Mhv 4, 54; Saddh 269; -cārin virtuous (for the usual yatacārin as indicated by commentary explanation yata kāyādīhi sanyati: see Ps.B. , page 342!) Thag 981 (translation "Whoso according to his powers is virtuous"); -ṭhita so-being, such and such, as they are, as they were Ja V 392; Vv-a 256; -tathaṃ according to truth, true and real (corresponding to yathā tathā adverb: see above) It 122 (here as nominative singular: as he is in one respect, so in the other, i.e. perfect); Snp 1127 (= yathā ācikkhitabbaṃ tathā ācikkhi Nidd II §527); Thag 708 (diṭṭhe dhamme yathātathe: is reading correct? perhaps better as yathātathā, cf. translation Ps.B. 292: "the truths are seen e'en as they really are"); Dīp III 2 (so read for yathā-kathaṃ; v.l. has °tathaṃ); V 64 (pañhaṃ byākarohi yathātathaṃ); -dhamma (used as adjective and adverb °ṃ) "one according to the law," i.e. as the rule prescribes; neuter according to the rule put down. See Vinaya Texts I 203; Geiger, Pāli Dhamma , page 19, 67. Vin I 135 (yo uddiseyya, yathā-dhammo kāretabbo), 168 (yo pavāreyya, y.-dhammo kāretabbo), 191 (yo māreyya y.-dh. k.); II 67 (ubho pi yathādhammaṃ kārāpetabbā), 132 (yo ajjhohareyya, y.-dhammo kāretabbo); IV 126 (yo jānaṃ (i.e. knowing) yathādhammaṃ nihatādhikaraṇaṃ punakammāya ukkoṭeyya, pācittiyan ti i.e. a dispute settled in proper form; with explanation: y.-dhammaṃ nāma dhammena vinayena satthu sāsanena kataṃ), 144 (na tassa ... mutti atthi yañ ca tattha āpattiṃ āpanno tañ ca yathādhammo kāretabbo, uttari c'assa moho āropetabbo). Cf. the following passages; as adjective: Vin I 205; II 132, 142, 263; M III 10; Miln 195; as adverb: with paṭikaroti (to atone, make amends) Vin I 173, 315; II 126; IV 19; D I 85; III 55; M III 247; S II 128, 205; A I 103, 238; II 146; IV 377; cf. yathādhammaṃ paṭigaṇhāti S I 239; A I 59, 103. At S III 171 yathādhammaṃ is used in the sense of "according to the truth, or reality," where yathā-bhūtaṃ takes its place; similarly at Thag 188; -dhota as if it were washed (so to speak), clean, unsoiled Dhp-a I 196; cf. Mvu I 301 yathā-dhauta; -pasādhanaṃ according to a clear state of mind, to one's gratification Dhp 249 (= attano pasādānurūpaṃ Dhp-a III 359); -puggalaṃ according to the individual, individually Pv III 5 1 (read yathāpu°); -pūrita as full as could be, quite full Ja I 101; -phāsuka comfortable, pleasant Dhp-a I 8; -balaṃ according to one's power or means Dhp-a I 107 (v.l. °satti); Saddh 97; Mhv 5, 180; -buḍḍha see {550} ºvuḍḍha; -bhataṃ is an unexplained ἅπαξ λεγομένον, difficult of analysis because occurring in only one stereotypical phrase, viz. yathā bhataṃ nikkhitto evam Niraye (and sagge) at M I 71; S IV 325 (where Text has yathāhatam, v.l. bhataṃ); A I 8, 105, 292, 297; II 71, 83; It 12, 14, 26. We have analyzed it elsewhere as y. bhataṃ ("according to his upbringing"), but we should rather deviate from this explination because the Pāli usage in this case would prefer the nominative instead of the (adverb) accusative neuter. It remains doubtful whether we should separate yatha or yathābhataṃ. Suggestions of a translation are the following:(1) "as soon as brought or taken" (see above, ābhata);(2) "as one has brought" (merit or demerit); thus taking ābhataṃ as irregular gerund of ā + bhar, translation suggested by the reading āharitvā (yathāharitvā) in the comple- {493} mentary stanzas at It 12 and 14;(3) "according to merit or reward", after Kern's suggestion, Toev. s.v. to read yathā bhaṭaṃ, the difficulty being that bhaṭa is nowhere found as v.l. of bhata in this phrase; nor that bhaṭa occurs in the meaning of "reward". — There is a strong likelihood of (ā)bhata resembling āhata (āhaṭa?) in meaning "as brought", on account of, cf. in context and reading at S IV 325; still the phrase remains not sufficiently cleared up. — Seidenstücker's translation has been referred to above (under haritvā) as unbefitting. — The suspicion of yathābhatam being a veiled (corrupted) yathābhūtaṃ has presented itself to us before (see above, ābhata). The meaning may suggest something like the latter, in as far as "in truth", "surely" is not far off the point. Anyhow, we shall have to settle on a meaning like "according to merit", without being able to elucidate the phrase in all its details. — There is another yathābhataṃ in passage ... ussavo hoti, yathābhataṃ lasuṇaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi "the garlic diminished as soon as it was brought" Vin IV 258. Here ābhata stands in relation to harāpeti (to have it fetched and brought) and is clearly past participle of ābharati; -bhucca as is the case, i.e. as one might expect, evident, real, in conformity with the truth D I 12; II 222; Mil 183, 351; Thig 159 (= yathābhūtaṃ Thig-a 142); Pv-a 30, 31 (ºguṇā); -bhutta see bhutta; -bhūta (ṃ) in reality, in truth, really, definitely, absolutely; as ought to be, truthfully, in its real essence. Very frequent in various combinations which see collected and classified as regards S and A in index vols to these texts. E.g. S IV 195 (vacanaṃ, epithet of Nibbana); V 440 (abhisamaya); Sn 194, 202, 653; Dhp 203; Pv-a 215 (guṇa). yathābhūtam pajānāti he knows as an absolute truth or in reality D I 83, 162; S IV 188; V 304 and passim ; yathābhūtam jānāti passati Paṭis II 62. Similarly with noun: yathābhūta-ñāṇa absolute knowledge S V 144; Paṭis II 63 = Vism 605 (+ sammādassana); Vism 438, 629, 695; Vibh-a 459 (= maggañāṇa); also as ºñāṇa-dassana in same meaning: A III 19, 200; IV 99, 336; V 2 f., 311 f.; Paṭis I 33, 43 f. ; II 11 f. ; Nett 29; -mano according to (his) mind Snp 829; Nidd I 170 (explained as nominative = yathācitto, yathāsaṅkappo, yathāviññāṇo); -ruciṃ according to pleasure or liking Mhv 4, 43 (ruci Text; ruciṃ v.l.; thus generally in Mhv); 5, 230 (°ruci); 22, 58 (°ruci); -vādin as speaking, as he speaks (followed by tathā-kārin so doing) D II 224, 229; Snp 357; It 122; -vidhi (ṃ) duly, fitly Mhv 10, 79; -vihita as appointed or arranged Mhv 10, 93; -vuḍḍhaṃ according to seniority Vin II 221; Mhbv 90 (Text reads °buḍḍhaṃ); -vutta (ṃ) as is said, i.e. as mentioned, aforesaid, of this kind Mhv 34, 57; Pv-a 45, 116 (°o puggalo); -saka (ṃ) each his own, according to his (or her) own, respective(ly) Vism 525; Pj II 8, 9; Vv-a 7; Mhv 5, 230 (here simply "their own"); -sata saintly (?), mindful Thag 981 (cf. yathā cārin and Ps.B. page 342); -satti (ṃ) according to one's power S IV 348 (+ yathābalaṃ); Dhp-a I 107 (v.l. for °balaṃ); Saddh 97; -satthaṃ according to the precepts, as law ordains M III 10 (perhaps an error for yathāsaddha?); -saddhaṃ accusative to faith, as is one's faith Dhp 249; -santhatika accepting whatever seat is offered D I 167; A III 220; Pp 69; Thag 855 -°aṅga one of the 13 dhutaṅgas Miln 342, 359; Vism 61, 78; -sukhaṃ according to ease, at ease, at will Thag 77; Dhp 326.
【副】 同樣地，可能，關於，涉及，與…相比，依照，在任何方式， 正如。~kammaṃ,【副】 依照個人的行動。~kāmaṃ,【副】 依照個人 的心願，隨意。~kāmakārī,【陽】 爲所欲爲的人。~kārī,【形】 正如 他所做的。~kāla,【陽】 適當的時間。~kālaṃ,【副】 在適當的時間。~kkamaṃ,【副】 整齊，狀況良好，適宜，接著，接連地。~ṭhita,【形】 象現在這樣的；正如站著的。~tatha,【形】 真實的，真正的。~tathaṃ,【副】 依照事實。~dhammaṃ,【副】 依照法。~dhota,【形】 好像被 洗的。~nusiṭṭaṃ,【副】 符合忠告。~nubhāvaṃ,【副】 依照個人的能 力。~pasādaṃ,【副】 依照個人的滿足。~pūrita,【形】 所能充滿的。~phāsuka,【形】 舒服的。~balaṃ,【副】 依照個人的力量。~bhataṃ,【副】 象現在這樣的被攜帶。~bhirantaṃ,【形】 喜歡多久就多久的。~bhucca, ~bhūta,【形】 真正的，顯然的，依照事實的。~bhūtaṃ,【副】真實地，實在，實際上，事實上，實質上。~rahaṃ,【副】 當適宜時，當適當時。~ruciṃ,【副】 依照愛好。~vato,【副】 實質上。~vidhiṃ,【副】 的確，適當地。~vihita,【形】正如安排的。~vuḍḍhaṃ,【副】 依照輩份。~vutta,【形】 上述的。~vuttaṃ,【副】 按照之前所規定。~saka,【形】 依照個人的所有權的。~sakaṃ,【副】 每個人自己的。~sattiṃ,【副】 依照個人的力量。~saddhaṃ,【副】 依照個人的熱愛。~sukhaṃ,【副】 安樂地。
(idiom, idiom, adv + adv, interr) in what way?
(idiom, idiom, adv + adv + ind, interr) but how is then?; and how then?
(idiom, idiom, adv + adj) as it truly is; according to the truth; accurately
…该来源共 9 条释义