vIndra · vIndvarka · vIrtsA
vi , or (a)vi ( AMg. etc. vi, avi) = pi , Skt. api; perh. in SP 198.6 ( vs ) kāvi, all mss. , = Skt. kāpi, ed. em. kāci (= kācid).
2. vi n. an artificial word said to be = anna , ŚBr.
vI/ ndra mfn. (for 3. vi + indra ) that from which Indra is excluded, TS. ( cf. ape ndra ).
vI ndv-arka mfn. ( fr. 3. vi + indu + arka ) without or exclusive of the moon and the sun, Laghuj.
…该来源共 4 条释义
Vi (indeclinable) [prefix, resting on Indo-Germanic ṷi "two," as connotation of duality or separation (German "ent-zwei"), which is contained in viṅśati, numeral for "twenty" (see vīsati), cf. Sanskrit viṣu apart, Greek ἴδιος private (literal separate); also Sanskrit u-bhau both; and ṷidh, as in Latin dīvido = divide. A secondary (comparative) formation in Sanskrit vitara further, farther, Gothic wipra against, German wider] I. 1. (a) inseparable prefix of separation and expansion, in original meaning of "asunder," semantically closely related to Latin dis° and Ger ver-. Often as base-prefix in various meanings (see below 1-4), also very frequent as modifying prefix (in combination with other primary prefixes like ā, ni, pa, paṭi, saṃ), where its prevailing character is one of emphasis. (b) The native grammarians define vi either as "vividha" (i.e. our meaning 2): see Buddhaghosa at Pj II 136 (viharati = vividhaṃ hitaṃ harati); and Vism 179 vividhaṃ khittaṃ = vikkhittaṃ; see also under viggaṇhati; or "prātilomya" (i.e. meaning 3): Nirukta (ed. Roth) I 3; or paraphrase it by su° or suṭṭhu (i.e. meaning 4): see under vimāna and vippasanna. The latter meaning also in Hemacandra's Anek'ārtha-saṅgraha (ed. Calcommentary) 7, 15: "śr̥ṣṭhe'tīte nānārthe" (i.e. Nos. 4 and 2). (c) vi° occurs also as distributive (repetitional) prefix in reduplication compounds (here closely resembling paṭi° and the negative a°), like cuṇṇa-vicuṇṇa piecemeal, chidda-vicchidda holes upon holes, vaṭṭa-vivaṭṭa, etc. — Contracted forms are vy° (= viy° before vowels) and vo° (= vi + ava); the guṇa and vriddhi form is ve°. II. Meanings. 1. denoting expansion, spreading out; figurative variety or detail, to be translated by expressions with over or about (cf. Latin e-), as: °kampati shake about, °kāseti open out, °kirati scatter about, °kūjati sing out (= upa-nadati commentary), °carati move about (= ā-hiṇḍati), °churita sprinkled about, °jāyati bring forth, °tāna "spread out," °tthāra ex-tension, de-tail, °dāleti break open, °dhammati whirl about, °dhāyaka providing, °ppakirati strew all over, °pphāra pervading, °pphārika ef-fulgence, °bhajati ex-plain, °bhatta dis-tributed, °bhāga division, distribution, °ravati shout out, °rūhana growing up, °rocati shine out, °ssajjati give out, °ssaṭṭha sent out, °ssara shouting out, °ssuta far-famedium 2. denoting disturbance, separation, mixing up (opposite saṃ°), as given with "away" or "down," or the prefixes de- and dis-, e.g. °kasita burst asunder, °kubbana change, i.e. miracle (meta-morphosis), °kkaya sell ("ver-kaufen"), °kkhambhati de-stroy, °kkhāleti wash off (= ācameti), °kkhepa de-rangement, °gata dis-appeared (used as definition of vi° at Thig-a 80), °galita dripping down, °ggaha separation, °cinati dis-criminate, °jahati dis-miss, °desa foreign country (cf. verajjaka), °naṭṭha destroyed, °nata bending down, °nāsa de-struction, °nicchaya dis-crimination, °nodaka driving out, °pāteti to be destroyed, °ppalapati to talk confusedly, °rājeti discard as rāga, °rodha destruction, °lumpati break up, °vitta separated, °vidha mixed, °veka separation, °vāha carrying away, i.e. wedding. 3. denoting the reverse of the simple verb, or loss, difference, opposite, reverse, as expressed by un° or dis-, e.g. °asana mis-fortune, °kaṭika unclean, °kappa change round, °kāra per-turbation, dis-tortion, °kāla wrong time, °tatha un-truth, °dhūma smoke-less, °patti corruption, °parīta dubious, °ppaṭipanna on the wrong track, °bhava non-existence (or as 4 "more" bhava, i.e. wealth), °mati doubt, °mānana dis-respect, °yoga separation, °raja fault-less, °rata abs-taining, °rūpa un-sightly, °vaṭa unveiled, °vaṇṇeti defame, °vāda dis-pute, °sama uneven, °ssandati overflow, °ssarita for-gotten, °siṭṭha distinguished, °sesa difference, distinction. 4. in intensifying sense (developed from 1 and 2), mostly with terms expressing per se one or the other of shades of meanings given under 1-3; to be translated by "away," out, all over, "up," or similarly (completely), e.g. °ākula quite confused, °katta cut up, °kopeti shake up, °garahati scold intensely, °chindati cut off, °jita conquered altogether, °jjotita resplendent, °tarati come quite through, °niyoga close connection, °nivatteti turn off completely, °pariṇāma intense change, °ppamutta quite released, °ppasanna quite purified, °pphalita crumpled up, °bandhana (close) fetter, °ramati cease altogether, °sahati have sufficient strength, °sukkha dried up, °suddha very bright, °ssamati rest fully (German aus-ruhen), °haññati to get slain.
(prefix, prefix) very; excessively; intensely; strongly
(prefix, prefix) badly; wrongly; negatively
(prefix, prefix) away from; division; distinctly; apart; separately away from; not; division; distinctly; apart; negatively
…该来源共 6 条释义
vi ind. 1 As a prefix to verbs and nouns it expresses:-( a ) separation, disjunction (apart, asunder, away, off &c.), as viyuj, vihf , vical &c.; ( b ) the reverse of an action; as krI ‘to buy’; vikrI , ‘to sell’; smf ‘to remember’; vismf ‘to forget’; ( c ) division; as viBaj , viBAga ; ( d ) distinction; as viSiz, viSeza, vivic, viveka ; ( e ) discrimination; vyavacCeda ; ( f ) order, arrangement; as viDA, virac ; ( g ) opposition; as viruD, viroDa ; privation; as vitI, vinayata ; ( i ) deliberation, as vicara, vicAra ; ( j ) intensity; viDvaMsa . 2 As a prefix to nouns or adjectives not immediately connected with roots vi expresses ( a ) negation or privation, in which case it is used much in the same way as a or nir , i. e. it forms Bah. comp. , viDavA, vyasuH &c.; ( b ) intensity, greatness; as vikarAla ; ( c ) variety, as vicitra ; ( d ) difference; as vilakzaRa ; ( e ) manifoldness, as viviDa ; ( f ) contrariety, opposition, as viloma ; ( g ) change, as vikAra ; ( h ) impropriety, as vijanman .