tAnta · ta 1.1 · ta 2.1
that
Ta° [Vedic tad, etc.; Greek τὐν τήν τὐ; Latin is-te, tālis, etc.; Lithuanian tās tā; Gothic pata; Old High German etc. daz; English that] base of demonstrative pronoun for neuter, in oblique cases of masculine and feminine and in demonstrative adverb of place and time (see also sa). 1. Cases: nominative singular neuter tad (older) Vin I 83; Snp 1052; Dhp 326; Miln 25 and taṃ (cf. yaṃ, kiṃ) Snp 1037, 1050; Ja III 26; accusative masculine taṃ Ja II 158, feminine taṃ Ja VI 368; genitive tassa, feminine tassā (Snp 22, 110; Ja I 151); instrumental tena, feminine tāya (Ja III 188); ablative tasmā (Ja I 167); tamhā Snp 291, 1138; (Ja III 26) and tato (usually as adverb) (Snp 390); locative tasmiṃ (Ja I 278), tamhi (Dhp 117); tahiṃ (adverb) (Pv I 5 7 ) and tahaṃ (adverb) (Ja I 384; Vv-a 36); plural nominative masculine te (Ja II 129), feminine tā (Ja II 127), neuter tāni (Snp 669, 845); genitive tesaṃ, feminine tāsaṃ (Snp 916); instrumental tehi, feminine tāhi (Ja II 128); locative tesu, feminine tāsu (Snp 670). — In composition (sandhi) both tad- and taṃ- are used with consequent phonetic changes (assimilation), viz. (a) tad°: (α) in substantive function: tadagge henceforth D I 93 taduṭṭhāya Dhp-a III 344; tadūpiya (cf. Trenckner, "Notes" 77, 78 = tadopya (see discussion under opeti), but cf. Sanskrit tadrūpa Divy 543 and tatrupāya. It is simply tad-upa-ka, the positive adjective of upa, of which the comparative-superlative is upama, meaning like this, i.e. of this or the same kind. Also spelt tadūpikā (feminine) (at Ja II 160) agreeing with, agreeable, pleasant Miln 9; tadatthaṃ to such purpose Pj II 565. — With assimilation: taccarita; tapparāyaṇa Snp 1114; tappoṇa (= tad-pra-ava-nata) see taccarita; tabbisaya (various) Pv-a 73; tabbiparīta (different) Vism 290; Dhp-a III 275; tabbiparītatāya in contrast to that Vism 450. (β) as crude form (not neuter) originally only in accusative (neuter) in adjective function like tad-ahan this day, then felt as euphonic d, especially in forms where similarly the euphonic t is used (ajja-t-agge). Hence ta is abstracted as a crude (adverbial) form used like any other root in composition. Thus: tad-ah-uposathe on this day's fast-day = today (or that day) being an observance day D I 47; Snp page 139 (explained as tam-ah-uposathe, uposatha-divase ti at Pj II 502); tadahe on the same day Pv-a 46; tadahū (the same) Ja V 215 (= tasmiṃ chaṇa-divase). tad-aṅga for certain, surely, categorical (originally concerning this cf. kimaṅga), in tadaṅga-nibbuta S III 43; tadaṅga-samatikkama Nidd II §203; tadaṅga-vikkhambhana-samuccheda Vism 410; tadaṅga-pahāna As 351; Pj II 8; tadaṅgena A IV 411. (b) tan°: (α) as substantive: tammaya (equal to this, up to this) Snp 846 {292} (= tapparāyana Nidd II §206); A I 150. (β) Derived from accusative use (like a β) as adjective is taṅkhaṇikā (from taṃ khaṇaṃ) Vin III 140 (= muhuttikā). (γ) a reduced form of taṃ is to be found as ta° in the same origin and application as ta-d- (under a β) in combination ta-y-idaṃ (for taṃdaṃ > taṃ-idaṃ > ta-idaṃ > ta-y-idaṃ) where y takes the place of the euphonic consonant Snp 1077; Pv I 3 3 ; Pv-a 2, 16 (= taṃ idaṃ), 76. The same ta° is to be seen in tāhaṃ Vv 83 15 (= taṃ-ahaṃ), and not to be confused with tāhaṃ = te ahaṃ (see tvaṃ). — A similar combination is taṃyathā Miln 1 (this is how, thus, as follows) which is the Sanskrit form for the usual Pāli seyyathā (instead of ta-(y)-yathā, like ta-y-idaṃ); cf. Trenckner, Miln page vii. — A sporadic form for tad is tadaṃ Snp page 147 (even that, just that; for tathaṃ?). {266} II. Application: 1. ta° refers or points back to somebody or something just mentioned or under discussion (like Greek οὖτος, Latin hic, French ci in voici, cet homme-ci, etc.): this, that, just this (or that), even this (or these). In this sense combined with api: te cāpi (even these) Snp 1058. It is also used to indicate something immediately following the statement of the speaker (cf. Greek ὅδε, English thus): this now, especially in adverbial use (see below); taṃ kiṃ maññasi D I 60; yam etaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi Ajita taṃ vadāmi te: Snp 1037; taṃ te pavakkhāmi (this now shall I tell you:) Snp 1050; tesaṃ Buddho vyākāsi (to those just mentioned answered B.) Snp 1127; te tositā (and they, pleased ...) ibid. 1128. 2. Correlative use: (a) in relative sentences with ya° (preceding ta°): yaṃ ahaṃ jānāmi taṃ tvaṃ jānāsi "what I know (that) you know" D I 88; yo nerayikānaṃ sattānaṃ āhāro tena so yāpeti "he lives on that food which is (characteristic) of the beings in N.; or: whichever is the food of the N. beings, on this he lives" Pv-a 27. (b) elliptical (with omission of the verb to be) yaṃ taṃ = that which (there is), what (is), whatever, used like an adjective; ye te those who, i.e. all (these), whatever: ye pana te manussā saddhā ... te evam ahaṃsu ... "all those people who were full of faith said" Vin II 195; yena tena upāyena gaṇha "catch him by whatever means (you like)," i.e. by all means Ja II 159; yaṃ taṃ kayirā "whatever he may do" Dhp 42. 3. Distributive and iterative use (cf. Latin quisquis, etc.): ... taṃ taṃ this and that, i.e. each one; yaṃ yaṃ passati taṃ taṃ pucchati whomsoever he sees (each one) he asks Pv-a 38; yaṃ yaṃ manaso piyaṃ taṃ taṃ gahetvā whatever ... (all) that Pv-a 77; yo yo yaṃ yaṃ icchati tassa tassa taṃ taṃ adāsi "whatever anybody wished he gave to him" Pv-a 113. So with adverb of ta°: tattha tattha here and there (frequent); tahaṃ tahaṃ the same Ja I 384; Vv-a 36, 187; tato tato Snp 390. (b) the same in disjunctive comparative sense: taṃ ... taṃ is this so and is this so (too) = the same as, viz. taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīraṃ is the soul the same as the body (opposite aññaṃ j. a. s.) A V 193, etc. (see jīva). 4. Adverbial use of some cases (a. locala, b. temporal, and c. modal): accusative taṃ (a) there (to): tad avasari he withdrew there D. II 126, 156; (b) taṃ enaṃ at once, presently (= tāvad-eva) Vin I 127 (cf. Vedic enā); (c) therefore (cf. kiṃ wherefore, why), that is why, now, then: S II 17; M I 487; Snp 1110; Pv I 2 3 (= tasmā Pv-a 11 and 103); II 716; cf. taṃ kissa hetu Nidd II on jhāna. — genitive tassa (c) therefore A IV 333. instrumental tena (a) there (direction = there to), always in correlation with yena: where-there, or in whatever direction, here and there. Frequently in formula denoting approach to a place (often unnecessary to translate); e.g. yena Jīvakassa ambavanaṃ tena pāyāsi: where the mango grove of J. was, there he went = he went to the m. g. of J. D I 49; yena Gotamo ten'upasaṅkama go where G. is D I 88; yena āvasathāgāraṃ ten'upasaṅkami D II 85 etc.; yena vā tena vā palāyanti they run here and there A II 33; (c) so then, now then, therefore, thus (often with hi) Ja I 151, 279; Pv-a 60; Miln 23; tena hi D II 2; Ja I 266; III 188; Miln 19. — ablative tasmā (c) out of this reason, therefore Snp 1051, 1104; Nidd II §279 (= taṃ kāraṇaṃ); Pv-a 11, 103; tato (a) from there, thence Pv I 12 3 ; (b) then, hereafter Pv-a 39. — locative tahiṃ (a) there (over there > beyond) Pv I 5 7 ; (c) = therefore Pv-a 25; tahaṃ (a) there; usually repeated: see above II 3 (a). — See also tattha, tathā, tadā, tādi, etc.
1. ta the 1st dental consonant.
3. ta m. a tail ( esp. of a jackal), any tail except that of Bos gaurus , L.
1. tA nta m. ‘end of ta ’, a mystical N. of the letter T , RāmatUp. i, 78.
(指示的【代】), 那，(so = 他， sā = 她， taṃ = 那一件事物，是這一些 的詞形)。
(pron, pron, base) that that
(letter, letter, masc) (gram) letter t; 24th letter of the alphabet; dental sibilant
(suffix, suffix) (gram) primary suffix used to form past participles and nouns