masculine · rasa 1 · rasa 2
taste
taste; juice; flavor; quick-silver
Rasa 1 [Vedic rasa; with Latin ros "dew," Lithuanian rasā the same, and Av Raṅhā name of a river, to Indo-Germanic °eres to flow, as in Sanskrit arṣati, Greek ἄψορρος (to ῥέω; also Sanskrit r̥ṣabha: see usabha1. — Dhātup 325 defines as "assādane" 629 as "assāda-snehanesu"; Dhātum 451 as "assāde." — The declention is usually as regular a-stem, but a secondary instrumental from an s-stem is to be found in rasasā by taste A II 63; Ja III 328] that which is connected with the sense of taste. The definition given at Vism 447 is as follows: "jivhā-paṭihanana-lakkhaṇo raso, jivhā-viññāṇassa visaya-bhāvo raso, tass'eva gocara-paccupaṭṭhāno, mūla-raso khandha-raso ti ādinā nayena anekavidho," i.e. rasa is physiologically and psychologically peculiar to the tongue (sense-object and sense-perception), and also consists as a manifold object in extractions from roots, trunk etc. (see next). — The conventional encyclopædic definition of rasa at Nidd I 240; Nidd II §540, Dhs 629 gives taste according to: (a) the 6-fold objective source as mūla-rasa, khandha°, taca°, {508} patta°, puppha°, phala°, or taste (i.e. juice, liquid) of root, trunk, bark, leaf, flower and fruit; and (b) the twelvefold subjective (physiological) sense-perception as ambila, madhura, tittika, kaṭuka loṇika, khārika, lambila (Miln 56: ambila), kasāva; sādu, asādu, sīta, uṇha, or sour, sweet, bitter, pungent, salt, alkaline, sour, astringent; pleasant, unpleasant, cold and hot. Miln 56 has the following: ambila, lavaṇa, tittaka, kaṭuka, kasāya, madhura. 1. juice [as applied in the Veda to the Soma juice], e.g. in the following combinations: ucchu° of sugar cane, extract of sugar, cane syrup Vin I 246; Vv-a 180; patta° and puppha° of leaf and flower Vin I 246; madhura° of honey Pv-a 119. 2. taste as (objective) quality, the sense-object of taste (cf. above definitions). In the list of the āyatanas, or senses with their complementary sense-objects (sentient and sensed) rasa occupies the 4th place, following upon gandha. It is stated that one tastes (or "senses") taste with the tongue (no reference to palate): jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā (or viññeyya). See also āyatana 3 and rūpa. — M III 55 (jivhā-viññeyya r.), 267; D III 244, 250; Snp 387; Dhs 609; Pv-a 50 (vaṇṇagandha-rasa-sampanna bhojana: see below 5). 3. sense of taste, as quality and personal accomplishment. Thus in the list of senses marking superiority (the 10 ādhipateyyas or ṭhāṇas), similar to rasa as special distinction of the Mahāpurisa (see compound ras-agga) S IV 275 = Pv II 9 58 ; A IV 242. 4. object or act of enjoyment, sensual stimulus, material enjoyment, pleasure (usually in plural) Snp 65 (rasesu gedha, see materialistic exegesis at Nidd II §540), 854 (rase na anugijjhati; perhaps better rasesu, as Pj II); A III 237 (puriso agga°-parititto: perhaps to No. 2). 5. flavour and its substance (or substratum), e.g. soup Vv-a 243 (kakkaṭaka° crabsoup), cf. S V 149, where 8 soup flavours are given (ambila, tittaka, kaṭuka, madhura, khārika, akhārika, loṇika, aloṇika); Pv II 1 15 (aneka-rasa-vyañjana "with exceptionally flavoured sauce"); Ja V 459, 465. gorasa "flavour of cow, i.e. produce of cow: see under go. Also metaphorically: "flavour, relish, pleasure": Snp 257 (paviveka°, dhamma-pīṭi°, cf. Pj II 299 "assādaṭṭhena" i.e. tastiness); Pv-a 287 (vimutti° relish of salvation). So also as attha°, dhamma°, vimutti° Paṭis II 89. 6. (in grammar and style) essential property, elegance, brightness; in dramatic art "sentiment" (flavour) (see Childers sub voce naṭya-rasa) Miln 340 (with opamma and lakkhaṇa: perhaps to No. 7); Pv-a 122 (°rasa as ending in proper name Aṅgīrasa, explained as jutiyā adhivacanaṃ", i.e. brightness, excellency). 7. a technical term in philosophy "essential property" ( Expositor 84), combined with lakkhaṇa etc. (cf. Cpd. 13, 213), either kicca° function or sampatti° property As 63, 249; Vism 8, 448; Miln 148. 8. fine substance, semi-solid semiliquid substance, extract, delicacy, fineness, dust. Thus in paṭhavī° "essence of earth," humus S I 134 (translated "taste of earth," rather abstract); or rasapaṭhavī earth as dust or in great fineness, "primitive earth" (before taking solid shape) D III 86 f. (translated "savoury earth," not quite clear), opposed to bhūmipappaṭaka; Vism 418; pabbata-rasa mountain extract, rock-substance Ja III 55; suvaṇṇa° gold dust Ja I 93. 9. (adjective —°) tasting Vv 16 11 (amatarasā feminine = Nibbāna-rasāvinī Vv-a 85). [BD]: see Geophagia. -agga finest quality (of taste), only in further combination with °aggita (ras-agga-s-aggita) most delicate sense translation D.B. ) D III 167, and °aggin (ras-agga-s-aggin, cf. Mvu II 306: rasa-rasāgrin) of the best quality (of taste, cf. above 2), said of the Mahāpurisa D II 18 = III 144 (cf. translation D.B. II 15 "his taste is supremely acute"). The phrase and its wording are still a little doubtful. Childers gives etymology of rasaggas-aggin as rasa-ggas-aggin, ggas representing gras to swallow (not otherwise found in Pāli!), and explanes the BHS rasāgrin as a distortion of the Pāli form; -añjana a sort of ointment (among 5 kinds), "vitriol" (Rh.D.) Vin I 203. -āda enjoying the objects of taste M III 168. -āyatana the sphere of taste D III 243, 290; Dhs 629, 653, 1195 (insert after gandha°, see BMPE 296, note 4). -ārammaṇa object of taste Dhs 12, 147, 157; -āsā craving for tastes Dhs 1059; -garuka bent on enjoyment Pj II 107; -taṇhā thirst for taste, lust of sensual enjoyment D III 244, 280; Ja V 293; Dhs 1059; Dhp-a IV 196; -saññā perception of tastes D III 244 (where also °sañcetanā); -haraṇī (feminine) [plural °haraṇiyo, in compound haraṇi°] taste-conductor, taste-receiver; the salivary canals of the mouth or the nerves of sensation; these are in later literature given as numbering 7000, e.g. at Ja V 293 (khobhetvā phari); Dhp-a I 134 (anuphari); Pj I 51 (only as 7!); Pj II 107 (paṭhama-kabaḷe mukhe pakkhitta-matte satta rasa-haraṇi-sahassāni amaten'eva phutāni ahesuṃ). Older passages are: Vin II 137; D III 167 (referring to the Mahāpurisa: "sampajjasā r.-haranī susaṇṭhitā," translation: erect taste-bearers planted well [in throat]). {567} Rasa 2 (—°) is a dialect form of °dasa ten, and occurs in Classic Pāli only in the numerals for 13 (terasa), 15 (paṇṇa-rasa, pannarasa), 17 (sattarasa) and 18 (aṭṭhārasa, late). The Prākrit has gone further: see Pischel, Pkt Gr. §245.
【陽】 味道，汁，滋味，水銀。~gga,【中】 最好的味道。~ñjana,【中】 洗眼劑[??]。~taṇhā,【陰】 渴望味道。~vatī,【陰】 廚房。~haraṇī,【陰】 味蕾。
(masc, masc) taste; flavour taste, flavour Construction: √ras + a
(masc, masc) juice; nectar juice Construction: √ras + a
(masc, masc) decoction; extract; concentrate Construction: √ras + a
…该来源共 8 条释义