raRa · neuter
war
raṇa , ( 1 ) m. (rarely nt. ; = Pali id. ), passion, sin, depravity , = kleśa , and regularly rendered in the same way ( ñon moṅs pa ) in Tib. ; chiefly in Bhvr. , sa-raṇa , and esp. the common a-raṇa ; see next; cf. Renou, JA 1939 . 369 n. 1 ; Mvy 7528 ; jita-raṇaḥ Divy 396.24 ; raṇachedo Śikṣ 199.12 ; a so raṇaṃ Śikṣ 263.11 , see s.v. raṇati ; ( 2 , in pw only Lex. , but cited from lit. in Schmidt, Nachträge , sound : brāhmasvarādhika-raṇo Divy 401.3—4 , Bhvr. ; said of the Buddha).
war; battle; sin; fault
Raṇa [Vedic raṇa, both "enjoyment," and "battle." Dhātup (115) only knows of ran as a sound-base saddatthā (= Sanskrit ran 2 to tinkle)] fight, battle; only in Thig 360 (raṇaṃ karitvā kāmānaṃ): see discussion {563} below; also late at Mhv 35, 69 (Subharājaṃ raṇe hantvā). 2. intoxication, desire, sin, fault. This meaning is the Buddhist development of Vedic raṇa = enjoyment. Various influences have played a part in determining the meaning and its explanation in the scholastic terms of the dogmatists and exegetics. It is often explained as pāpa or rāga. The tīkā on As 50 (see Expositor 67) gives the following explanations (late and speculative): (a) = reṇu, dust or mist of lust etc.; (b) fight, war (against the Paths); (c) pain, anguish and distress. — The translation ( Expositor 67) takes raṇa as "cause of grief," or "harm," hence araṇa "harmless" and saraṇa "harmful" (the latter translated as "concomitant with war" by BMPE 312, note 3, of Dhs 1294; and asaraṇa as opposite "not concomitant"; doubtful). At S I 148 (rūpe raṇaṃ disvā) it is almost synonymous with raja. Buddhaghosa explains this passage (see K.S. 320) as "rūpamhi jāti-jarā-bhaṅga-saṅkhātaṃ dosaṃ," translation ( K.S. 186): "discerning canker in visible objects material." The term is not sufficiently cleared up yet. At Thig 358 we read "(kāmā) appassādā raṇakarā sukkapakkha-visosanā," and verse 360 reads "raṇaṃ karitvā kāmānaṃ." Thig-a 244 explains verse 358 by "rāgādi sambandhanato"; verse 360 by "kāmānaṃ raṇaṃ te ca mayā kātabbaṃ ariyamaggaṃ sampahāraṃ katvā." The first is evidently "grief," the second "fight," but the translation ( Ps.S. 145) gives "stirring strife" for verse 358, and "fight with worldly lusts" for verse 360; whereas Kern, Toev. sub voce raṇakara gives "causing sinful desire" as translation. The word araṇa (see araṇa 2 ) was regarded as negative of raṇa in both meanings (1 and 2); thus either "freedom from passion" or "not fighting." The translation of As 50 ( Expositor 67) takes it in a slightly different sense as "harmless" (i.e. having no grievous causes) — At M III 235 araṇa is a quasi summing-up of "adukkha an-upaghāta anupāyāsa etc.," and saraṇa of their positives. Here a meaning like "harmfullness" and "harmlessness" seems to be fitting. Other passages of araṇa see under araṇa. -jaha (raṇañjaha) giving up desires or sin, leaving causes of harmfullness behind. The expression is old and stereotyped. It has caused trouble among interpreters: Trenckner would like to read raṇañjaya "victorious in battle" ("Notes" 83). It is also BHS, e.g. Lal 50; Avś II 131 (see Speyer's note 3 on this page. He justifies translation "pacifier, peace-maker"). At following passages: S I 52 (translation "quitting corruption"); It 108 (Seidenstücker translates: "dem Kampfgewühl entronnen"); Miln 21; Nett 54; Saddh 493, 569.
【中】 戰爭，打戰，罪，過失。~jaha,【形】避免激情的擾亂。
(nt, nt) conflict; trouble; harm; (comm) defilement war, battle, sin, fault Construction: √raṇ + a