parArTa · parASraya · adjective
other
para , adv. pareṇa , see this.
parA rTa parA rDa &c. See under para , p. 587, col. 3 .
parA Sraya parA Srita See under para , p. 588, col. 1 .
other; another; foreign; alien; outsider
Para (adverb-adjective) [from Indo-Germanic °per, °peri (cf. pari); Vedic para, parā, paraṃ; Latin per through, Greek πέρα and ρέραν beyond; see Walde, Latin Wtb. under per and also pari, pubba, pura, purāṇa] 1. (adverb and preposition) beyond, on the further side of (with ablative or locative), over Pv-a 168 (para Gaṅgāya, v.l. °āyaṃ). See in same meaning and application paraṃ, paro and parā and cf. compounds like paraloka. 2. (adjective) para follows the pronoun declension; cases: singular nominative paro Snp 879, accusative paraṃ Snp 132, 185, genitive dative parassa Snp 634; Pv II 9 19 , instrumental parena Pv-a 116, locative paramhi Snp 634, and pare Pv II 9 43 ; plural nominative pare Dhp 6, accusative pare Dhp 257; Pv-a 15, genitive dative paresaṃ D I 3; Thag 743; Ja I 256; Snp 818, instrumental parehi Snp 240, 255; Pv-a 17. — Meanings: (a) beyond, i.e. "higher" in space (like Vedic para as opposed to avara lower), as well as "further" in time (i.e. future, to come, or also remote, past: see locative pare under commentary), frequent in phrase paro loko the world beyond, the world (i.e. life) to come, the beyond or future life (opposite ayaṃ loko) Snp 185 (asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ na socati), 634 (asmiṃ loke paramhi ca); Dhp 168 (paramhi loke); Pv II 8 3 (the same = paraloke Pv-a 107); but also in other combinations, like santi-para (adjective) higher than calm Dhp 202. Cf. paraloka, paraṃ and paro. (b) another, other, adjective as well as noun, plural others Snp 396 (parassa dāraṃ nātikkameyya), 818 (paresaṃ, cf. Nidd I 150); Dhp 160 (ko paro who else), 257 (pare others); Pv II 9 19 (parassa dānaṃ); II 9 43 (pare, locative = paramhi parassa Pv-a 130); Dhp-a IV 182 (genitive plural); Pv-a 15, 60 (paresaṃ dative), 103, 116, 253 (parassa purisassa and paraṃ purisaṃ). Often contrasted with and opposed to attano (one's own, oneself), e.g. at M I 200 (paraṃ vambheti attānaṃ ukkaṃseti); Snp 132 (attānaṃ samukkaṃse paraṃ avajānāti); Ja I 256 (paresaṃ, opposite attanā); Nidd II §26 (att-attha opposite par-attha, see compounds °ajjhāsaya and °attha). — paro ... paro "the one ... the other" D I 224 (kiṃ hi paro parassa karissati); paro paraṃ one another Snp 148 (paro paraṃ nikubbetha). In a special sense we find pare plural in the meaning of "the others," i.e. outsiders, aliens (to the religion of the Buddha), enemies, opponents (like Vedic pare) D I 2 (= paṭiviruddhā sattā Sv I 51); Vin I 349; Dhp 6. (c) some oblique cases in special meaning and used as adverb: paraṃ accusative singular masculine see under compounds, like parantapa; as neuter adverb see seperate. In phrase puna ca paraṃ would be better read puna c'aparaṃ (see apara). -parena (instrumental) later on, afterwards Ja III 395 (= aparena {419} samayena commentary). -pare (locative); cf. Greek παραί; Latin prae before; Gothic faūra = E, for, old dative of °per) in the past, before, yet earlier Ja II 279 (where it continues ajja and hiyyo, i.e. today and yesterday, and refers to the day before yesterday. Similarly at Vin IV 63 pare is contrasted with ajja and hiyyo and may mean "in future," or "the day before yesterday." It is of interest to notice the Vedic use of pare as "in the future" opposed to adya and śvas); Ja III 423 (the day before yesterday). At Dhp-a I 253 (sve vā pare vā) and IV 170 in the sense of "on the day after tomorrow." °parā (only apparently ablative, in reality either para + a° which represents the vocalic beginning of the second part of the compound, or para + ā which is the directional prefix ā, emphasizing para. The latter explanation is more in the spirit of the Pāli language): see separately. °paro (old ablative as adverb = Sanskrit paras) beyond further: see seperate; -parato (ablative) in a variety of expressions and shades of meaning, viz. (1) from another, as regards others A III 337 (attano parato ca); Nett 8 (ghosa), 50 (the same). (2) from the point of view of "otherness," i.e. as strange or something alien, as an enemy M I 435 (in "anicca" passage); A IV 423; Nidd II §214 II; Paṭis II 238; Kv 400; Miln 418 and passim ; in phrase parato disvā "seen as not myself" Thag 1160; Thig 101; S I 188 (saṅkhāre parato passa, dukkhato mā ca attato). (3) on the other side of, away from, beyond Ja II 128; Pv-a 24 (kuḍḍānaṃ). (4) further, afterwards, later on S I 34; Ja I 255; IV 139; Pj II 119, 482. Note: The compounds with para° are combinations either with para 1 (adverb preposition), or para 2 (adjective/noun). Those containing para in form parā and in meaning "further on to" see separately under parā°. See also pāra, pārima etc. -ajjhāsaya intent on others (opposite att°) Pj II 46; -attha (parattha, to be distinguished from adverb parattha, q.v. seperate) the profit or welfare of another (opposite attattha) S II 29; A III 63; Dhp 166; Nidd II §26; -ādhīna dependent on others D I 72 (= paresu adhīno parass'eva ruciyā pavattati Sv I 212); Ja VI 99; Thig-a 15 (°vuttika); Vv-a 23 (°vutti, paresaṃ bhāraṃ vahanto); -ūpakkama aggression of an enemy, violence Vin II 194; -ūpaghāta injuring others, cruelty Vv 84 40 ; -ūpaghātin killing others Dhp 184 (= paraṃ upahananto p. Dhp-a III 237); -ūpavāda reproaching others Snp 389; -kata see paraṅkata; -kamma service of others, °kārin {377} serving others Vv 33 22 ; -kāra see below under paraṅkāra; -kula clan of another, strange or alien clan Snp 128; Dhp 73; -kkanta [para° or parā°-krānta?] walked (by another? or gone over?) Ja VI 559 (better to be read with v.l. on page 560 as pada° i.e. walked by feet, footprint); -kkama (parā + kram] exertion, endeavour, effort, strife D I 53; III 113; S I 166 (daḷha°); II 28 (purisa°); V 66, 104 f.; A I 4, 50 (purisa°); IV 190; Snp 293; Dhp 313; Nidd I 487; Ja I 256; II 153; Dhs 13, 12, 289, 571; Miln 244; Dhp-a IV 139; Saddh 253; adjective (—°) sacca° one who strives after the truth Ja IV 383; -kkamati [*parakramati] to advance, go forward, exert oneself, undertake, show courage Snp 966 (gerund parakkamma); Dhp 383 (the same); Pv III 2 13 (imperative parakkāma, v.l. parakkama); Pp 19, 23; Pv-a 184 (= payogaṃ karoti); Saddh 439; -kkaroti [either for parā + kr̥ or more likely paras + kr̥, cf. paro] literally "to put on the opposite side," i.e. to remove, do away with Ja IV 26 (corresponding to apaneti, commentary explains as "parato kāreti," taking parato in the sense of para 2 c 3), 404 (mā parākari = mā pariccaji commentary); -gatta alien body, translated "limbs that are not thou" Thag 1150; -gavacaṇḍa violent against the cows of another A II 109 = Pp 47 (opposite sakagavacaṇḍa, cf. Pp-a 226: yo attano gogaṇaṃ ghaṭṭeti, paragogaṇe pana so rato sukhasīlo hoti etc.). -(ṅ)kata made by something or somebody else, extra-self, extraneous, alien S I 134 (nayidaṃ attakataṃ bimbaṃ nayidaṃ parakataṃ aghaṃ); with reference to loka and dukkha and opposed to sayaṅkata D III 137 f.; S II 19 f., 33 f., 38 f.; Ud 69 f. °(ṅ)kāra condition of otherness, other people, alien Ud 70 (opposite ahaṅkara selfhood); -citta the mind or heart of others A V 160; -jana a stranger, enemy, demon, figurative devil (cf. Sanskrit itarajana) M I 153, 210; -tthaddha [parā + tthaddha] propped against, founded on, relying on (with locative) Ja VI 181 (= upatthadda commentary); -tthabbha is to be read for °tthambha at Ja IV 313, in meaning = °tthaddha (kismiṃ); -dattūpajīvin living on what is given by others, dependent on another's gift Snp 217; Miln 294; -davutta see seperate under parada -dāra the wife of another, somebody else's wife M I 87; A II 71, 191; Snp 108, 242 (°sevanā); Dhp 246, 309 (°upasevin, cf. Dhp-a III 482); Ja VI 240; Dhp-a III 481 (°kamma); -dārika (better to be read as pāra°) an adulterer S II 188, 259; Ja III 43; -dhammika "of someone else's norm," one who follows the teaching of another, i.e. of a heretic teacher Snp 96 (Nidd I 485: p°ā vuccanti satta sahadhammika ṭhapetvā ye keci Buddhe appasannā, dhamme appasannā, saṅghe appasannā); -niṭṭhita made ready by others S I 236; -nimmita "created by another," in °vasavattin having power under control of another, name of a class of Devas (see deva) D I 216 f.; A I 210; It 94; Pp 51; Sv I 114, 121; Pj I 128; Vv-a 79; -neyya to be led by another, under another's rule Snp 907 Nidd I 321 (= parapattiya parapaccaya); - (n)tapa worrying or molesting another person (opposite attantapa) D III 232; M I 341, 411; II 159; Pp 56; -paccaya resting, relying, or dependent on someone else Nidd I 321; usually negative a° independent of another Vin I 12, 181 and passim ; -pattiya = preceding Nidd I 321; -pāṇa other living beings Snp 220; -puggala other people D III 108; -putta somebody else's son A IV 169; Snp 43; -pessa serving others, being a servant Snp 615 (= paresaṃ veyyāvacca Pj II 466); -pessiyā a female servant or messenger, literally to be sent by others Ja III 413 (= parehi pesitabbā pesanakārikā commentary); -ppavāda [cf. BHS parapravādin "false teacher" Divy 202] disputation with another, challenge, opposition in teaching (applied to Non-Buddhistic systems) S V 261; A II 238; Miln 170, 175; -bhāga outer part, precinct part beyond Pv-a 24; -bhuta [Sanskrit parabhr̥ta] the Indian cuckoo (literal brought up by another) Ja V 416 (so read for parābhūta); -bhojana food given by others Snp 366 (= parehi dinnaṃ saddhādeyyaṃ Pj II 364); -loka [compound either with para 1 or para 2. It is hardly justified to assume a metaphysical sense, or to take para as temporal in the sense of paraṃ (cf. paraṃmaraṇā after death), i.e. the future world or the world to come] the other world, the world beyond (opposite ayaṃ loko this world or idhaloka the world here, see on term Stede, GPv pages 29 f. ) D I 27, 58, 187; II 319; S I 72, 138; Snp 579, 666, 1117; Nidd I 60; Nidd II §214 (v.l. for paloka in anicca-passage) 410 (= manussalokaṃ ṭhapetvā sabbo paraloko); Paṭis I 121; Vv 84 5 (= narakaṃ hi sattānaṃ ekantānatthatāya parabhūto paṭisattubhūto loko ti visesato paraloko ti Vv-a 335); Pv-a 5, 60 (= pettivisaya parattha), 64, 107, 253 (idhalokato p. n'atthi); Pj II 478 (= parattha); Saddh 316, 326, 327; -vambhitā contempt of others M I 19 (a°); -vambhin contemning others M I 19, 527; -vasatta power (over others) Dāṭh IV 19; -vāda (1) talk of others, public rumour S I 4; Snp 819 (cf. Nidd I 151); Pj II 475.(2) opposition Miln 94 sq; -vādin opponent Miln 348; -visaya the other world, realm of the dead, Hades Pv IV 8 7 (= pettivisaya Pv-a 268); -vediya to be known by others, i.e. heterodox D II 241; Snp 474 (= parehi ñāpetabba Pj II 410); -sattā (plural) other beings A I 255 = III 17 (+ parapuggalā); -suve on the day after tomorrow Dhp-a IV 170 (v.l. for pare, see para 2 c); -sena a hostile army D I 89 = II 16 = III 59 = Snp page 106 (cf. Sv I 250 = Pj II 450); -hattha the hand of the enemy Ja I 179; -hiṃsā hurting others Pv III 7 3 ; -hita the good or welfare of others (opposite attahita) D III 233; Pv-a 16, 163; -hetu on account of others, through others Snp 122 (attahetu + p.); Pp 54. {420}
【形】 其他; 另一個; 外鄉; 異族; 外人. pāra 【中】, 彼岸; 另一邊. ~kata,【形】別人所做. ~kāra,【陽】他人所行. ~jana, 【陽】 陌生人; 外人. ~attha,【陽】他利. ~dattūpajīvī,【形】以他人所施而活. ~neyya, 【形】被他人所帶領. ~paccaya, ~pattiya, 【形】依賴他人. ~puṭṭha, 【形】被他人所養. ~pessa, 【形】侍奉他人. ~bhāga, 【陽】後方; 外部. ~loka, 【陽】 出世. ~vambhana, 【中】 鄙視他人. ~vāda, 【陽】異說. ~vādī, 【陽】 異派. ~visaya,【陽】他土; 他國. ~senā, 【陰】敵軍. ~hatthagata, 【形】 陷於敵人的. ~hita, 【陽】 他利. ~hetu,【副】由於另一個.
para a. [ pF-BAve ap, kartari ac-vA ] (Declined optionally like a pronoun in nom. and voc. pl. , and abl. and loc. sing. when it denotes relative position) 1 Other, different, another; see para m. also. 2 Distant, removed, remote. 3 Beyond, further, on the other side of; mlecCadeSastataH paraH Ms. 2. 23 , 7. 158. 4 Subsequent, following, next to, future, after, (usually with abl. ); bAlyAtparAmiva darSA madano'DyuvAsa R. 5. 63 ; Ku. 1. 31. 5 Higher, superior; sikatAtvAdapi parAM prapede paramARutAM R. 15. 22 ; iMdriyARi parARyAhuriMdriyeByaH paraM manaH . manasastu parA budDiryo budDeH paratastu saH .. Bg. 3. 42. 6 Highest, greatest, most distinguished, pre-eminent, chief, best, principal, na tvayA drazWavyAnAM paraM dfzwaM Ś. 2 ; Ki. 5. 18 ; parato'pi paraH Ku. 2. 14 ‘higher than the highest’; 6. 19 ; Ś. 7. 27. 7 Having as a following letter or sound, followed by (in comp. ) 8 Alien, estranged, stranger. 9 Hostile, inimical, adverse. 10 Exceeding, having a surplus or remainder, left over; as in paraM SataM ‘exceeding or more than a hundred.’ 11 Final, last. 12 (At the end of comp) Having anything as the highest object, absorbed or engrossed in, intent on, solely ( pb ) devoted to, wholly engaged or occupied in; paricaryAparaH R. 1. 91 ; so DyAnapara , Sokapara, dEvapara, ciMtApara &c. — raH 1 Another person, a stranger, foreigner; oft. in pl. in this sense; yataH parezAM guRagrahItAsi Bv. 1. 9 ; Śi. 20. 74 ; see eka, anya also. 2 A foe, an enemy, adversary; uttizWamAnastu paro nopekzyaH paTyamicCatA Śi. 2. 10 ; Pt. 2. 158 ; R. 3. 21. — raM 1 The highest point or pitch, culminating point. 2 The Supreme spirit. 3 Final beatitude. 4 The secondary meaning of a word. 5 (In logic.) One of the two kinds of sAmAnya or generality of notion; more extensive kind, (comprehending more objects); e. g. pfTvI is para with respect to a Gawa . Note -The acc. , instr. and loc. singulars of para are used adverbially; e. g. ( a ) paraM 1 beyond, over, out of (with abl. ); vartmanaH paraM R. 1. 17. 2 after (with abl. ); asmAtparaM Ś. 6. 24 ; R. 1. 66 ; 3. 39 ; Me. 100 ; BAgyAyattamataH paraM Ś. 4. 16 ; tataH paraM &c. 3 thereupon, thereafter. 4 but, however. 5 otherwise. 6 in a high degree, excessively, very much, completely, quite; paraM duHKito'smi &c. 7 most willingly. 8 only. 9 at the utmost. ( b ) pareRa 1 farther, beyond, more than; kiM vA mftyoH pareRa viDAsyati Māl. 2. 2. 2 afterwards; mayi tu kftaniDAne kiM vidaDyAH pareRa Mv. 2. 49. 3 after (with abl. ) stanyatyAgAtpareRa U. 2 , 7. ( c ) pare 1 afterwards, thereupon; aTa tena daSAhataH pare R. 8. 73. 2 in future. Comp. — aMgaM the hinder part of the body. — aMgadaH an epithet of Śiva. — adanaM a horse found in the country of Persia or Arabia. — aDikAracarcA officiousness, meddlesomeness. — aDIna a. dependent on another, subject, subservient; Ms. 10. 54 , 83. — aMtaH final death. — (tAH) ( m. pl. ) N. of a people. — aMtakaH an epithet of Śiva. — anna a. living or subsisting on another's food. — (nnaM) the food of another; paragfhalalitAH parAnnapuzwAH Mk. 4. 28. °paripuzwatA being fed with the food of others; Y. 3. 241. °Bojin a. subsisting on the food of others; H. 1. 139. — apara a. 1 far and near, remote and proximate. 2 prior and posterior. 3 before and beyond, ( pb ) earlier and later. 4 higher and lower, best and worst. — (raH) a Guru of an intermediate class. — (raM) (in logic) a property intermediate between the greatest and smallest numbers, a species (as existing between the genus and individual); e. g. pfTvI which is para with respect to a Gawa is apara with respect to dravya ; dravyatvAdikajAtistu parAparatayocyate Bhashā P. 8 — amftaM rain. — ayaRa ( ayana ) a. 1 attached or devoted to, adhering to. 2 depending on, subject to. 3 intent on, solely devoted to or absorbed in (at the end of comp. ); praBurDanaparAyaRaH Bh. 2. 56 ; so moha° Ku. 4. 1 ; agnihotra° &c. 4 connected with 5 leading or conducive to. — (RaM) 1 the principal or highest object, chief aim, best or last resort. 2 essence, sum. 3 Ved. going away, departure, exit. 4 firm devotion. — arTa a. 1 having another aim or meaning. 2 intended or designed for another, done for another. — (rTaH) 1 the highest interest or advantage. 2 the interest of another ( opp. svArTa ); svArTo yasya parArTa eva sa pumAnekaH satAmagraRIH Subhāṣ. ; R. 1. 29. 3 the chief or highest meaning. 4 the highest object ( i. e. sexual intercourse). — (rTaM -rTe) ind. for the sake of another. — arDaM 1 the other part ( opp. pUrvArDa ); the latter half; dinasya pUrvArDaparArDaBinnA CAyeva mEtrI KalasajjanAnAM Bh. 2. 60. 2 a particular high number; i. e. 100,000,000,000,000,000; ekatvAdiparArDaparyaMtA saMKyA T. S. — arDya a. 1 being on the farther side or half. 2 most distant in number; hemaMto vasaMtAtparArDyaH Śat. Br. 3 most excellent, best, most exalted, highly esteemed, highest, supreme; R. 3. 27 , 8. 27 , 10. 64 ; 16. 39 ; Śi. 8. 45. 4 most costly; Śi. 4. 11. 5 most beautiful or lovely, finest; R. 6. 4 ; Śi...
(pron, pron) other; another (person) other, another
(adj, adj) next (world); next (life); after (life)
(adj, adj) (gram) next; following; last; after
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