neuter · karaṇa 1 · karaṇa 2
making
Karaṇa [from kr̥, cf. Vedic karaṇa] 1. adjective (feminine ī) (—°) doing, making, causing producing; as cakkhu° ñāṇa° (leading to clear knowledge) S IV 331; V 97; It 83; and acakkhu° etc. S V 97; nāthā °ā dhammā A V 23 (cf. V 89) and Thera° A II 22; dubbaṇṇa° S V 217; see also D I 245; M. I 15; S V 96, 115; A IV 94; V 268; Miln 289. 2. (neuter) (—°) the making, producing of; the doing, performance of (= kamma), as bali° offering of food = bali kamma) Pv-a 81; gabbha° Snp 927; pānujja° Snp 256. 3. (absolute) (a) the doing up, preparing Ja V 400, VI 270 (of a building: the construction) (b) the doing, performance of, as pāṇātipātassa k° and ak° ("commission and omission"); Dhp-a I 214; means of action Ja III 92. (c) technical term in grammar the instrumental case (with or without °vacana) Pv-a 33; Vv-a 25, 53, 162, 174. °atthe in the sense of, with the meaning of the instrumental case Ja III 98; V 444; Pv-a 35; Vv-a 304; As 48; Kacc 157. 4. (—°) state, condition; in noun-abstract function = °ttaṃ (cf. kamma I 2) as nānā° (= nānattaṃ) difference M II 128; S IV 294; Abhidh-av 94; kasi° ploughing Pv-a 66; kattabba° (= kattabbattaṃ) "what is to be done," i.e. duty Pv-a 30; pūjā° veneration Pv-a 30. sakkāra° reverence, devotion Pj II 284. Note: in massu° and kamma° some grammarians have tried to derive k° from a root kr̥, to hurt, cut, torture (see Morris JPTS 1893, 15), which is however quite unnecessary [see kamma 3 A b, kata.II.1.b]. Karaṇa here stands for kamma, as clearly indicated by semantic grounds as well as by Ja VI 270 where it explains kappita-kesa-massu, and Ja V 309 and Dhp-a I 253 where massukamma takes the place of °karaṇa, and Ja III 314, where it is represented by massu-kutti (commentary: massukiriya). Cf. also Sv I 137. — a° negative in all meanings of the positive, i.e. the non-performing Ja I 131; V 222; Nett 81; Pv-a 59; As 127; non-undertaking (of business) Ja I 229; non-commission M I 93; abstaining from Dhs 299. Cpd. °uttariya (neuter) angry rejoinder, vehement defence Dhp-a I 44.
the act of making, doing, effecting; enacting
【中】 1. 做，製作。2. 産品。~attha,【陽】就某種意 義來說。~vibhatti,【陰】 工具格（語法）。
(adj, adj, in comps, from karoti) doing; making; causing; effecting doing, making, production Construction: √kar + aṇa
(adj, adj, from karoti) helpful; useful; assistive [lit.] doing Construction: √kar + aṇa
(nt, nt, from karoti) (gram) instrumental case [lit.] doing Construction: √kar + aṇa
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