prefix
over
Ati (indeclinable) [Sanskrit ati = Greek ἔτι moreover, yet, and; Latin et and, Gothic iϸ; also connected with Greek ατάρ but, Latin at but (= over, outside) Gothic aϸϸan] adverb and preposition of direction (forward motion), in primary meaning "on, and further", then "up to and beyond". I in abstract position adverbially (only as technical term in grammar): in excess, extremely, very (cf. II 3) Ja VI 133 (ati uggata commentary = accuggata Text), 307 (ati ahitaṃ commentary = accāhitaṃ Text). II as prefix, meaning. 1. on to, up to, towards, until); as far as: accanta up to the end; aticchati to go further, passion; atipāta "falling onto"; attack slaying; atimāpeti to put damage on to, i.e. to destroy. 2. over, beyond, past, by, trans-; with verbs: (a.) transitive atikkamati to pass beyond, surpass atimaññati to put one's "manas" over, to despise; atirocati to surpassivein splendour. (b.) intransitive atikkanta passed by; atikkama traversing aticca transgressing; atīta past, gone beyond. — Also with {18} verbal derivations: accaya lapse, also sin, transgression ("going over"); atireka remainder, left over; atisaya overflow, abundance; atisāra stepping over, sin. 3. exceedingly, in a high or excessive degree either very (much) or too (much); in nominal compounds (a), rarely also in verbal compounds see (b). — (a) with nouns and adjective: °āsanna too near; °uttama the very highest; °udaka too much water; °khippa too soon; °dāna excessive alms giving; °dāruṇa very cruel; °dīgha extremely long; °dūra too near; deva a super-god °pago too early; °bāḷha too much; °bhāra a too heavy load; °manāpa very lovely; °manohara very charming; °mahant too great; °vikāla very inconvenient; °vela a very long time; °sambādha too tight, etc. etc. (b.) with verb: atibhuñjati to eat excessively. III A peculiar use of ati is its function in reduplication-compounds, expressing "and, adding further, and so on, even more, etc." like that of the other comparing or contrasting prefixes a (ā), anu, ava, paṭi, vi (e.g. khaṇḍākhaṇḍa, seṭṭhānuseṭṭhi, chiddāvacchidda, aṅgapaccaṅga, cuṇṇavicuṇṇa). In this function it is however restricted to comparatively few expressions and has not by far the wide range of ā (q.v.), the only phrases being the following viz. cakkāticakkaṃ mañcātimañcaṃ bandhati to heap carts upon carts, couches upon couches (in order to see a procession) Vin IV 360 (Buddhaghosa); Ja II 331; IV 81; Dhp-a IV 61. °devātideva god upon god, god and more than a god (see atideva); mānātimāna all kinds of conceit; vaṅkātivaṅka crooked all over Ja I 160. IV Semantically ati is closely related to abhi, so that in consequence of dialectical variation we frequently find ati in Pāli, where the corresponds expression in later Sanskrit shows abhi. See e.g. the following cases for comparison: accuṇha atijāta, °pīḷita °brūheti, °vassati, °vāyati, °veṭheti. Note The contracted (assimilation-) form of ati before vowels is acc- (q.v.). See also for adverbial use atiriva, ativiya, atīva.
[ ati tvāṃ: LV 253.8 ( vs ), so text, but most mss. atīva, and so Tib. ( śin tu ); read atīvā ( m.c. ).]
prefix to nouns, adjectives, adverbs; preverb to verbs; before vowels (except ī-) generally, but not always, taking the form acc-; as prefix to nouns expresses: abundance, excess, superiority, transgression; the being beyond (the reach of); as prefix to adjectives, adverbs expresses: very much, too much; as preverb to verbs and their derivatives expresses: beyond, over; through; too much, very much, too far; ati is sometimes inserted in iterative compounds expressing: and, adding further, even more, etc.
〔字首，意爲：〕 直到、過度、超過、出頭，等。
ati ind. [ at-i ] 1 A prefix used with adjectives and adverbs, meaning ‘very’, ‘too’, ‘exceedingly’, ‘excessively’, ‘very much,’ and showing utkarza ; nAtidUre not very far from; °kfSa very lean; °BfSaM very much; also with verbs or verbal forms; °siktameva BavatA Sk. ; svaBAvo hyatiricyate &c. 2 (With verbs) Over, beyond; ati-i go beyond, overstep; so °kram, °car, °vah &c. In this case ati is regarded as a preposition upasarga . 3 ( a ) (With nouns or pronouns) Beyond, past, surpassing, superior to, eminent, respectable, distinguished, higher, above, (used with acc. as a karmapravacanIya , or as first member of Bah. or Tat. Comp.; in which last case it has usually the sense of eminence or higher degree: atigo , °gArgyaH , = praSastA gOH, SoBano, gArgyaH ; °rAjan an excellent king; or the sense of atikrAMta must be understood with the latter member which will then stand in the accusative case; atimartyaH = martyamatikrAMtaH; °mAlaH , atikrAMto mAlAM ; so atikAya, °keSara , q. v. ); ati devAn kfzRaH Sk. ; mAnuzAnatigaMDarvAn sarvAngaMDarva lakzaye Mb; °mAnuzaM karma a deed ( pb ) which is beyond human power, i. e. a superhuman action; °kaSaH past the whip (as a horse), unmanageable; °tyad surpassing that; °tvAM , °tvAn him or them that surpasses or surpass thee, so °mAM, °yUyaM &c. ( b ) (With nouns derived from roots) Extravagant, exaggerated, inordinate, excessive, extraordinary; e. g. °AdaraH excessive regard; °ASA extravagant hope; so °BayaM, °tfzRA , °AnaMdaH &c. &c.; atidAnAt balirbadDo nazwo mAnAtsuyoDanaH . vinazwo rAvaRo lOlyAdati sarvatra varjayet ; cf. ‘extremes are ever bad.’ ( c ) Unfit, idle, improper, in the sense of asaMprati or kzepa ‘censure’; atinidraM = nidrA saMprati na yujyate Sk. The gaRaratnamahodaDi gives the following senses of atiH - vikramAtikramAbudDiBfSArTAtiSayezvati . e. g. atiraTaH raTADikaM vikramavAn; °matiH budDyatikramaH; °gahanaM budDeravizayaH; °taptaM BfSataptaM; °vegaH atiSayito vegaH .
(prefix, prefix) too; too much; beyond; in excess; extremely; excessively up to, over, gone beyond, excess, etc.