apa 1 · apa 2
Apa° [Vedic apa; Indo-Germanic °apo = Greek ἀπό, Avesta apa, Latin ab from °ap (cf. aperio); Gothic af, German ab, Anglo-Saxon English of. A comparative form from apa is apara "futher away"] Well defined directional prefix, meaning "away from, off". Usually as base-prefix (except with ā), and very seldom in compounds with other modifying prefixes (like sam, abhi etc.).1. apa = Vedic apa (Indo-Germanic °apo): apeti to go away = Greek ἄκειμι, Latin abeo, Gothic afiddja; apeta gone away, rid; °kaḍḍhati to draw away, remove; °kamati walk away; °gacchati go away; °nidhāti put away; °nudati push away; °neti lead away; °vattati turn away (= āverto); °sakkati step aside; °harati take away.2. apa = Vedic ava (Indo-Germanic °aue; see ava for details). There exists a widespread confusion between the two prepositions apa and ava, favoured both by semantic (apa = away, ava = down, cf. English off) and phonetic affinity (p softened to b, especially in B mss., and then to v, as b > v is frequent, e.g. bya° > vya° etc.). Thus we find in Pāli apa where Vedic and later literary Sanskrit have ava in the following instances: apakanti, °kassati, °kirati, °gata, °cāra, °jhāyati, °thaṭa, °dāna, °dhāreti, °nata, °nāmeti, °nīta, °lekhana, °loketi, °vadati.
apa ind. [ na pAti rakzati patanAt pA-qa Tv. ] 1 (As a prefix to verbs it means) ( a ) Away, away from, denoting viyoga ; apayAti, apanayati ; ( b ) deterioration ( vikfti ); apakaroti does wrongly or badly; ( c ) opposition, negation, contradiction ( viparIta ); apakarzati , apacinoti ; ( d ) direction or mention ( pb ) or illustration ( nidarSana ); apAdiSati ; ( e ) exclusion ( varjana ); apavah, apasf caus. ; ( f ) joy, merriment or laughter ( Anada ); apahasati ; ( g ) concealment or denial ( cOrya ); apalapati, apavadate . 2 As first member of Tat. or Bahuvrīhi comp. it has all the above senses; apayAnaM, apakarma, apapAWaH ; apaSabdaH a bad or corrupt word; °BI fearless; °kalmaza stainless; aparAgaH discontent ( opp. to anurAga ); °meGodayaM varzaM Ku. 6. 54 &c. In most cases apa may be translated by ‘bad’, ‘inferior’, ‘corrupt,’ ‘wrong’, unworthy’ &c. It also means ‘going downwards’ as in apAnaH . 3 As a separable preposition (with a noun in the abl. ) ( a ) away from; yatsaMpratyapa lokeByo laMkAyAM vasatirBayAt Rām; ( b ) without, on the outside of; apa hareH saMsAraH Sk. ; ( c ) with the exception of, excepting; apa trigarteByo vfzwo devaH Sk. on the outside of, with the exception of. In these senses apa may form adverbial compounds also ( P. II. 1. 12 ); °vizRu saMsAraH Sk. without Viṣṇu; °trigartaM vfzwo devaH excepting T. &c. It also implies negation, contradiction &c.; °kAmaM °SaMkaM . The senses of this word as given by G. M. may be thus put in verse; varjane vikftO cOrye viparItaviyogayoH . apakfzwe ca nirdeSe harze cApaH prayujyate . [ cf. L. ab ; Gr. apo ; Goth. af . Eng. of or off ; Zend apa ].
(prefix, prefix) away; away from; down; back
(abbrev, abbrev) abbreviation of Apadāna