upakrama , m. (= Pali upakkama; to upakramati ; see also upasaṃkrama ), violence, doing violence to …, attack (by violence): LV 258.2 ( vs ) kāyopakrama-karaṇai(r) manyante bāliśāḥ śuddhiṃ; Mv ii.448.12 °meṇa ātmānaṃ māreyā; 492.1 ātmānaṃ ca upakrameṇa māritukāmaḥ; similarly 493.20 ; Divy 235.9 sa evaṃvidha upakramaḥ kṛtaḥ; Bbh 244.6 ātmopakrama-duḥkham, and 7 paropakrama-duḥkham, … thru violence by oneself and by others .