Tapa and Tapo [from tapati, cf. Latin tepor, heat] 1. torment, punishment, penance, especially religious austerety, self-chastisement, ascetic practice. This was condemned by the Buddha: Gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati tapassaṃ lūkhajīviṃ upavadati D I 161 = S IV 330; anattha-sañhitaṃ ñatvā yaṃ kiñci aparaṃ tapaṃ S I 103; Ja IV 306 (tattatapa: see tatta). 2. mental devotion, self-control, abstinence, practice of morality (often = brahmacariyā and saṃvara); in this sense held up as an ideal by the Buddha. D III 42 f., 232 (attan and paran°), 239; S I 38, 43; IV 118, 180; M II 155, 199; D II 49 = Dhp 184 (paramaṃ tapo), 194 (tapo sukho); Snp 77 = S I 172 (saddhā bījaṃ tapo vuṭṭhi); Snp 267 (t. ca brahmacariyā ca), 655 (the same), 901; Pv I 3 2 (instrumental tapasā = brahmacariyena Pv-a 15); Ja I 293; Nett 121 (+ indriyasaṃvara); Pj I 151 (pāpake dhamme tapatī ti tapo): Vv-a 114 (instrumental tapasā); Pv-a 98. -kamma ascetic practice S I 103; -jigucchā disgust for asceticism D I 174; III 40, 42 f., 48 f.; A II 200; -pakkama = °kamma D I 165 f. (should it be tapopakkama = tapa + upakkama, or tapo-kamma?); -vana the ascetic's forest Vism 58, 79, 342.
【陽、中】 (mano-group), 苦修，宗教性的苦行，道德。(在【合】中它的尾母音 a 被改成 o 而得詞形 tapo)
tapa a. [ tap-ac ] 1 Burning, warming, consuming by heat. 2 Causing pain or trouble, distressing. — paH 1 Heat, fire, warmth. 2 The sun. 3 The hot season; Śi. 1. 66. 4 Penance, religious austerities. Comp. — atyayaH, -aMtaH the end of the hot season and the ( pb ) beginning of the rainy season; ravipItajalA tapAtyaye punaroGena hi yujyate nadI Ku. 4. 44 ; 5. 23 ; Ś. 3. 12. — Atmaka a. practising austerities.
(adj, adj, from tapati) hot; warm Construction: √tap + a