neuter · sīla 1 · sīla 2
moral practice
nature; habit; moral practice; code of morality
Sīla (neuter) [cf. Sanskrit śīla. It is interesting to note that Dhātup puts down a root sīl in meaning of samādhi (No. 268) and upadhāraṇa (615)] 1. nature, character, habit, behaviour; usually as —° in adjective function "being of such a nature," like, having the character of ..., e.g. adāna° of stingy character, illiberal Snp 244; Pv-a 68 (+ maccharin); kiṃ° of what behaviour? Pv II 9 13 ; keḷi° tricky Pv-a 241; damana° one who conquers Pv-a 251; parisuddha° of excellent character A III 124; pāpa° wicked Snp 246; bhaṇana° wont to speak Dhp-a IV 93; vāda° quarrelsome Snp 381 f. — dussīla (of) bad character D III 235; Dhs 1327; Pp 20, 53; Pv II 8 2 (noun); II 9 69 (adjective); Dhp-a II 252; IV 3; Saddh 338; Miln 257; opposite susīla S I 141. 2. moral practice, good character, Buddhist ethics, code of morality. (a) The dasa-sīla or 10 items of good character (not "commandments") are (1) pāṇatipātā veramaṇī, i.e. abstinence from taking life; (2) adinnādānā (from) taking what is not given to one; (3) abrahmacariyā adultery (oṭherwise called kāmesu micchā-cārā); (4) musā-vādā telling lies; (5) pisuna-vācāya slander; (6) pharusa-vācāya harsh or impolite speech; (7) samphappalāpā frivolous and senseless talk; (8) abhijjhāya covetousness; (9) byāpādā malevolence; (10) micchā-diṭṭhiyā hereticical views. — Of these 10 we sometimes find only the first 7 designated as "sīla" per se, or good character generally. See e.g. A I 269 (where called sīla-sampadā); II 83 f. (not called "sīla"), and sampadā. (b) The pañca-sīla or 5 items of good behaviour are Nos. 1-4 of dasa-sīla, and (5) abstaining from any state of indolence arising from (the use of) intoxicants, viz. surā-meraya-majja-pamāda-ṭṭhānā veramaṇī. These five also from the first half of the 10 sikkha-padāni. They are a sort of preliminary condition to any higher development after conforming to the teaching of the Buddha (saraṇaṃgamana) and as such often mentioned when a new follower is "officially" installed, e.g. Bv II 190: saraṇāgamane kañci nivesesi Tathāgato kañci pañcasu sīlesu sīle dasavidhe paraṃ. From Pv IV 1 76 f. (as also from Khp II as following upon Khp I) it is evident that the sikkhāpadāni are meant in this connection (either 5 or 10), and not the sīlaṃ, cf. also Pv IV 3 50 f., although at the above passage of Bv and at Ja I 28 as well as at Mhv 18, 10 the expression dasa-sīla is used: evidently a later development of the term as regards dasa-sīla (cf. G.C.C. 122, note 3), which through the identity of the 5 sīlas and sikkhāpadas was transferred to the 10 sikkhāpadas. These 5 are often simply called pañca dhammā, e.g. at A III 203 f., 208 f. Without a special title they are mentioned in connection with the "saraṇaṃ gata" formula e.g. at A IV 266. Similarly the 10 sīlas (as above a) are only called Dhammā at A II 253 f.; V 260; nor are they designated as sīla at A II 221. — pañcasu sīlesu samādapeti to instruct in the 5 sīlas (alias sikkhāpadāni) Vin II 162. (c) The only standard enumerations of the 5 or 10 sīlas are found at two places in the Saṃyutta and correspond with those given in the Niddesa. See on the 10 (as given under a) S IV 342 and Nidd II sub voce sīla; on the 5 (also as under b) S II 68 and Nidd II sub voce The so-called 10 sīlas (Childers) as found at Khp II (under the name of dasa-sikkhāpada) are of late origin and served as memorial verses for the use of novices. Strictly speaking they should not be called dasa-sīla. — The eightfold sīla or the eight pledges which are recommended to the Buddhist layman (cf. Miln 333 mentioned below) are the sikkhāpadas Nos. 1-8 (see sikkhāpada), which in the canon however do {713} not occur under the name of sīla nor sikkhāpada, but as aṭṭhaṅga-samannāgata uposatha (or aṭṭhaṅgika u.) "the fast-day with its 8 constituents." They are discussed in detail at A IV 248 f., with a poetical setting of the eight at A IV 254 = Snp 400, 401 (d) Three special tracts on morality are found in the canon. The Cullasīla (D I 3 f. ) consists first of the items (dasa) sīla 1-7; then follow specific injunctions as to practices of daily living and special conduct, of which the first 5 (omitting the introductory item of bījagāma-bhūtagāma-samārambha) form the second 5 sikkhāpadāni. Upon the Culla° follows the Majjhima° (D I 5 f. ) and then the Mahāsīla D I 9 f. The whole of these 3 sīlas is called sīla-kkhandha and is (in the Sāmaññaphala sutta e.g.) grouped with samādhi- and paññā-kkhandha: D I 206 f.; at A V 205, 206 sīla-kkhandha refers to the Culla-sīla only. The three (s., samādhi and paññā) are often mentioned together, e.g. D II 81, 84; It 51; Sv I 57. — The characteristic of a kalyāṇa-mitta is endowment with saddhā, sīla, cāga, paññā A IV 282. These four are counted as constituents of future bliss A IV 282, and form the 4 sampadās the same 322. In another connection at M III 99; Vism 19. They are, with suta (following after sīla) characteristic of the merit of the devatās A I 210 f. (under devatānussati). — At Miln 333 sīla is classed as: saraṇa°, pañca°, aṭṭhaṅga°, dasaṅga°, pātimokkha-saṃvara°, all of which expressions refer to the sikkhāpadas and not to the sīlas. — At Miln 336 f. sīla {642} functions as one of the 7 ratanas (the 5 as given under sampadā up to vimutti-ñāṇa-dassana; plus paṭisambhidā and bojjhaṅga). — cattāro sīlakkhandhā "4 sections of morality" Miln 243; Vism 15 and As 168 (here as pātimokkha-saṃvara, indriya-saṃvara, ājīva- pārisuddhi, paccaya-sannissita. The same with reference to catubbidha sīla at Ja III 195). See also under compounds At Paṭis I 46 f. we find the fivefold grouping as (1) pāṇatipatassa pahānaṃ, (2) veramaṇī, (3) cetanā, (4) saṃvara, (5) avītikkama, which is commented on at Vism 49. — A fourfold sīla (referring to the sikkhāpada) is given at Vism 15 as bhikkhu°, bhikkhunī°, anupasampanna° gahaṭṭha°. — On sīla and adhisīla see e.g. A I 229 f.; Vibh-a 413 f. — The division of sīla at Ja III 195 is a distinction of a simple sīla as "saṃvara," of twofold sīla as "caritta-vāritta," threefold as "kāyika, vācasika, mānasika," and fourfold as above under cattāro sīlakkhandhā. — See further generally: Paṭis I 42 f.; Vism 3 f.; Tikap 154, 165 f., 269, 277; Nidd I 14, 188 (explained as "pātimokkha-saṃvara"); Nidd II page 277; Vibh-a 143. -aṅga constituent of morality (applied to the pañcasikkhāpadaṃ) Vibh-a 381; -ācāra practice of morality Ja I 187; II 3; -kathā exposition of the duties of morality Vin I 15; A I 125; Ja I 188; -kkhandha all that belongs to moral practices, body of morality as forming the first constituent of the 5 khandhas or groups (+ samādhi°, paññā°, vimutti°, ñāṇa-dassana-kkhandha), which make up the 5 sampadās or whole range of religious development; see e.g. Nidd I 21, 39; Nidd II page 277. — Vin. 162 f.; III 164; A I 124, 291; II 20; S I 99 f.; It 51, 107; Nett 90 f., 128; Miln 243; Dhp-a III 417; -gandha the fragrance of good works Dhp 55; Vism 58; -caraṇa moral life Ja IV 328, 332; -tittha having good behaviour as its banks S I 169, 183 (translation of Mrs. Rh.D. "with virtue's strand for bathing"); -bbata [= vata 2 ] good works and ceremonial observances Dhp 271; A I 225; S IV 118; Ud 71; Snp 231, etc.; sīlavata the same Snp 212, 782, 790, 797, 803, 899; It 79 f.; °-parāmāsa the contagion of mere rule and ritual, the infatuation of good works, the delusion that they suffice Vin I 184; M I 433; Dhs 1005; A III 377; IV 144 f.; Nidd I 98; Dukap 245, 282 f.; As 348; see also explanation at Cpd. 171, note 4. sīlabbatupādāna grasping after works and rites D II 58; Dhs 1005, 1216; Vism 569; Vibh-a 181 f. — The old form sīlavata still preserves the original good sense, as much as "observing the rules of good conduct," "being of virtuous behaviour." Thus at Thag 12; Snp 212, 782 (explained in detail at Nidd I 66), 790, 797, 803; It 79; Ja VI 491 (ariya°); -bheda a breach of morality Ja I 296; -mattaka a matter of mere morality D I 3; Sv I 55; -maya consisting in morality It 51; Vv-a 10 (see maya 6); -vatta morality, virtue S I 143; cf. Ja III 360; -vipatti moral transgression Vin I 171 f.; D II 85; A I 95; 268 f.; III 252; Pp 21; Vism 54, 57; -vipanna trespassing D II 85; Pp 21; Vin I 227; -vīmaṃsaka testing one's reputation Ja I 369; II 429; III 100, 193; -saṃvara self-restraint in conduct D I 69; Dhs 1342; Sv I 182; -saṃvuta living under moral self-restraint Dhp 281; -sampatti accomplishment or attainment by moral living Vism 57; -sampadā practice of morality Vin I 227; D II 86; M I 194, 201 f.; A I 95, 269 f., II 66; Pp 25, 54; -sampanna practising morality, virtuous Vin I 228; D I 63; II 86; M I 354; Thig 196; Thig-a 168; Sv I 182.
【中】 自然，習慣，戒，道德規範。~kathā,【陰】 戒論。~kkhandha,【陽】 戒蘊。~gandha,【陽】 戒香（=名望）。~bbata, ~vata,【中】 儀式。~bheda,【陽】 破戒。~maya,【形】 與道德有關的。~vantu,【形】 有品德的，守戒的。~vipatti,【陰】 犯戒。~vipanna,【形】 犯戒者。~sampatti,【陰】 守戒。~sampanna,【形】 守戒者。
(nt, nt) ethical conduct; virtue; moral integrity moral practice, code of morality Construction: √sīl + a
(nt, nt) behaviour; habit nature, habit Construction: √sīl + a
(adj, adj, in comps) with a kind of conduct; with a certain behaviour; having a habit Construction: √sīl + a
…该来源共 5 条释义