neuter · puñña 1 · puñña 2
merit
merit; righteousness
Puñña (neuter) [cf. (late) Vedic puṇya favourable, good; etymology not clear, it may be dialectical. The word is explained by Dhammapāla as "santānaṃ punāti visodheti," i.e. cleaning the continuation (of life) Vv-a 19, thus taken to pu. The explanation is of course fanciful] merit, meritorious action, virtue. Always represented as foundation and condition of heavenly rebirth and a future blissful state, the enjoyment (and duration) of which depends on the amount of merit accumulated in a former existence. With reference to this life there are especially 3 qualities contributing to merit, viz., dāna, sīla and bhāvanā or liberality, good conduct and contemplation. These are the puñña-kiriya-vatthūni (see below). Another set of ten consists of these 3 and apaciti, veyyāvacca, patti-anuppadāna, abbhanumodanā, desanā, savana, diṭṭh'ujjuka-kamma. The opposite of puñña is either apuñña (D III 119; S I 114; II 82; A I 154; III 412; Saddh 54, 75) or pāpa (Snp 520; Dhp 39; Nett 96; Pv-a 5). The true Arahant is above both (Pv II 6 15 ). See on term also PtsC. 201. (a) passages (selected): D III 58, 120; M I 404; II 191, 199; S I 72; II 82; IV 190; V 53; A I 151, 155 f.; III 412; Snp 427 f., 547, 569, 790; Dhp 18, 116 f., 196, 220, 267, 331, 412; Nidd I 90; Pv 1 2 ; I 5 12 ; Pp 55; Vism 541 (puññānaṃ paccayo duvidhā); Dhp-a IV 34; Pv-a 6, 8 30, 69 f.; Saddh 4, 19 f. (b) Various phrases and characterizations: Merit is represented as great (uḷāra Sv I 110; Pv-a 5; anappaka Pv I 5 12 ) or little (paritta Sv I 110; appa S II 229); as adjective (—°) mahā° S I 191, opposite appa° M II 5. puñña is defined at Nidd I 90 as follows: "puññaṃ vuccati yaṃ kiñci tedhātukaṃ kusalābhisaṅkhāraṃ; apuññaṃ vuccati sabbaṃ akusalaṃ." It is defined as "dāna-sīlādi-pabheda" and "sucaritaṃ kusala-kammaṃ" at Vv-a 19; considered as leading to future happiness: Vv 1 3 ; Pv-a 58; consisting mainly in dāna (dānamayaṃ p.) Pv-a 8, 51, 60, 66, 73, but also in vandana Pv-a 1. To do good = puññaṃ (puññāni) karoti D I 137; S IV 331; A V 177; Pv I 11 9 ; or pasavati S I 182, 213; A I 89; II 3 f.; III 244; V 249, 282; Pv-a 121, cf. puññaṃ pasutaṃ Pv I 5 12 ; Vv-a 289. Other phrases: °ṃ ākaṅkhati S I 18, 20; pavaḍḍhati S I 33; corehi duharaṃ S I 36; puññānaṃ vipāko A IV 89; āgamo S III 209 IV 349; opadhikaṃ S I 233; It 78; purāṇaṃ and navaṃ S I 92; sayaṃ katāni puññāni S I 37; puññassa dhārā S I 100; V 400. -atthika desirous of merit Snp 487 sq. -assaya seat of merit Sv I 67; -ānubhāva the majesty of merit Pv-a 58; -ābhisaṅkhāra accumulation of merit D III 217; S II 82; Nidd I 90, 206, 442; Vism 557 f., 571; Vibh-a 142 f., 166, 184; -ābhisanda (+ kusalābhisanda) meritorious results A II 54 f.; III 51, 337; IV 245; -iddhi the magic power of merit Pv-a 117; -kata one who has done a deed of merit A II 32; -kamma good works, righteousness, merit S I 97, 143; Sv I 10; Vv-a 32; Pv-a 54, 87; Saddh 32; -kāma (adjective) desirous of doing good works S V 462; -kiriyā a good or meritorious action S I 87 (°kriyā), 101; Pv-a 54; usually as °kiriyavatthu item of meritorious action (of which 3 are usually enumerated: see above) D III 218; A IV 241; It 51; Nett 50, 128; -kkhandha mass of merit (only as mahā°) S V 400; A III 337; -k -khaya decay (or waning of the effect) of merit D I 18 (cf. āyukkhaya and Sv I 110); -k -khetta field of m., especially of the Saṅgha or any holy personalities, doing good (literal planting seeds of merit) to whom is a source of future compensation to the benefactor. Usually with adjective anuttara unsurpassed field of merit (see also saṅgha) D III 5, 227; M I 446; III 80; S I 167, 220; V 343, 363, 382; A I 244; II 34 f., 56, 113; III 158, 248, 279 f., 387; IV 10 f., 292; It 88; Snp 486; Vv 50 31 (cf. Vv-a 216); Pv IV 1 33 (of a bhikkhu); Vism 220; Vv-a 286; Pv-a 1 (ariyasaṅgha), 5 (Moggallāna), 6 (Arahanto), 132, 140, 214 and passim . Cf. BHS puṇyakṣetra Divy 63, 395 (+ udāra); -paṭipadā the meritorious path, path of merit A I 168; Nett 96; -pasavana creation of merit Pv-a 31; -pekkha looking for merit (i.e. reward), intent upon merit S I 167; Snp 463 f., 487 f.; Dhp 108 (cf. Dhp-a II 234); -phala the fruit (or result) of meritorious action S I 217; Pp 51; Dhp-a II 4; Pv-a 8, 50, 52; -bala the power of merit Pv-a 195; -bhāga taking part in meritorious action S I 154; -bhāgiya having share in merit M III 72 f.; Nett 48; -maya = puñña Ja IV 232 (°iddhi); cf. BHS puṇyamaya Avś I 183.
【中】 福，功德，功績，正義。~kamma,【中】 福業（有功德的行動）。~kāma,【形】 想福的，想功德的。~kiriyā,【陰】 好行動，福業。~kkhandha,【陽】 福蘊（大量的功績）。~kkhaya,【陽】 福盡（功績的疲憊）。~tthika,【形】 想功績的。~pekkha,【形】 希望有功德 的。~phala,【中】 福報，福果。~bhāga,【陽】 福份。~bhāgī,【形】 有福份的。~vantu,【形】 有福的，有品德的。~ānubhāva,【陽】 福的力量。~abhisanda,【陽】 積福。
(nt, nt) merit; good deed; spiritual wealth merit, righteousness Construction: √puṇ + ya
(adj, adj) having merit; meritorious; auspicious; virtuous Construction: √puṇ + ya