adjective · pañca balāni
five
five
Pañca (adjective-numeral) [Vedic pañca, Indo-Germanic °penqṷe; cf. Greek πέντε, Latin quīnque, Gothic fimf, Lithuanian penki, Old-Irish coic] number 5. — Cases: genitive dative pañcannaṃ, instrumental ablative pañcahi, locative pañcasu; often used in compositional form pañca° (cf. Vedic pañcāra with 5 spokes I 164 13 ; Greek πεμπώβολος, Latin quinqu-ennis etc.). ° 1. Characteristics of No. 5 in its use, with ref, to literal and figurative application. "Five" is the number of "comprehensive and yet simple" unity or a set; it is applied in all cases of a natural and handy comprehension of several items into a group, after the 5 fingers of the hand, which latter lies at the bottom of all primitive expressions of No. 5 (see also below pañcaṅgulika. The word for 5 itself in its original form is identical with the word for hand *préq.A. No. 5, applied (a) with reference to time: catupañcāhaṃ 4 or 5 days Ja II 114 (cf. quinque diebus Horace Sat I 316); maraṇaṃ tuyhaṃ oraṃ māsehi pañcahi after 5 months Vv 63 10 , p. māse vasitvā Sv I 319 (cf. qu. menses Horace Sat. II 3289). (b) of space: °yojanaṭṭhāna Ja III 504; °yojan-ubbedho gajavaro Vv-a 33; °bhūmako pāsādo Ja I 58 (cf. the house of Death as 5 stories high in Grimm, Mārchen No. 42 editor Reclam). (c) of a group, set, company, etc. (cf. 5 peoples R̥V III 37 9 ; VI 11 4 ; VIII 9 2 etc.; gods X 55 3 ; priests II 34 14 ; III 7 7 ; leaders of the Greek ships Hom. Iliad 16, 171; ambassadors Genesis 472; quinque viri Horace Sat. II 555; Epist. II 124): p. janā Ja V 230; p. amaccā Ja V 231; p. hatthino Dhp-a I 164; pañca nāriyo agamiṃsu Vv 32 2 ; p. puttāni khādāmi Pv I 6 3 . — Note: No. 5 in this application is not so frequent in Pāli as in older literature (Vedas e.g.); instead of the simple 5 we find more frequent the higher decimals 50 and 500. See also below §§3, 4. B. No. 15 in two forms: pañcadasa (feminine °ī the 15th day of the month Vv 15 6 = A I 144; Snp 402) Vv-a 67 (°kahāpaṇa-sahassāni dāpesi), and paṇṇarasa (also as feminine ī of the 15th or full-moon day Pv III 3 1 ; Dhp-a I 198; III 92; IV 202; Vv-a 314; Pj II 78) Snp 153 (pannaraso uposatho); Vv 64 2 (paṇṇarase va cando; explained as paṇṇarasiyaṃ Vv-a 276); Dhp-a I 388 (of age, 15 or 16 years); Sv I 17 (°bhedo khuddaka-nikāyo); Pj II 357 (pannarasahi bhikkhu-satehi = 1500, instead of the usual 500); Pv-a 154 (°yojana). The application is much the same as 5 and 50 (see below), although more rare, e.g. as measure of space: °yojana Dhp-a I 17 (next in sequence to paṇṇāsa-yojana); Ja I 315; Pv-a 154 (cf. 15 furlongs from Jerusalem to Bethany John 11:18; 15 cubits above the mountains rose the flood Genative 7:20). C. No. 25 in two forms: pañcavīsati (the usual) e.g. {388} As 185 f.; Miln 289 (citta-dubbalī-karaṇā dhammā); paṇṇa-vīsati, e.g. Ja IV 352 (nāriyo); Thig 67, and paṇṇuvīsaṃ (only at Ja III 138). Similarly to 15 and 25 the number 45 (pañca-cattāḷīsa) is favoured in giving distances with °yojana, e.g. at Ja I 147, 348; Dhp-a I 367.-Application: of 25: (1) time: years Ja III 138; Dhp-a I 4; (2) space: miles high and wide Dhp-a II 64 (ahipeto); Vv-a 236 (yojanāni pharitvā pabhā). 2. Remarks on the use of 50 and 500 (5000). Both 50 and 500 are found in stereotyped and always recurring combinations (not in Buddhist literature alone, but all over the Ancient World), and applied to any situation indiscriminately. They have thus lost their original numerical significance and their value equals an expression like our "thousands," cf. the use of Latin mille and 600, also similarly many other high numerals in Pāli literature, as mentioned under respective units (4, 6, 8 e.g. in 14, 16, 18, etc.). Psychologically 500 is to be explained as "a great hand," i.e. the 5 fingers magnified to the 2nd decade, and is equivalent to an expression like "a lot" (originally "only one," cf. casting the lot, then the one as a mass or collection), or like heaps, tons, a great many, etc. — Thus 50 (and 500) as the numbers of "comm-union" are especially frequent in recording a company of men, a host of servants, animals in a herd, etc., wherever the single constituents form a larger (mostly impressive, important) whole, as an army, the king's retinue, etc. — A. No. 50 (paññāsa; the by-form paṇṇāsa only at Dhp-a III 207), in following applications: (a) of time: does not occur, but see below under 55. (b) of space (cf. 50 cubits the breadth of Noah's ark Genesis 6:15; the height of the gallows (Esther 5:14; 7:9) Ja I 359 (yojanāni); Dhp-a III 207 (°hattho ubbedhena rukkho); Vism 417 (paripuṇṇa °yojana suriyamaṇḍala); Dhp-a I 17 (°yojana). (c) of a company or group (cf. 50 horses R̥V II 185; V 185; wives VIII 1936; men at the oars Homer Iliad 2. 719; 16. 170, servants Homer Odyssey 7, 103, 22, 421) Ja III 220 (corā); V 161 (pallaṅkā), 421 (dijakaññāyo); Snp page 87; Pj II 57 (bhikkhū). Note: 55 (pañcapaññāsa) is used instead of 50 in time expressions (years), e.g. at Dhp-a I 125; II 57; Pv-a 99, 142; also in groups: Dhp-a I 99 (janā). B. No. 500 (pañcasata°, pañcasatā, pañcasatāni). (a) of time: years (as peta or petī) Vv 84 34 ; Pv II 1 5 ; Pv-a 152 (with additional 50). (b) of space: miles high Pv IV 3 28 ; Ja I 204 (°yojana-satikā); Vism 72 (°dhanu-satika, 500 bows in distance). C. of groups of men, servants, or a herd, etc. (cf. 500 horses R̥V X 93 14 ; witnesses of the rising of Christ 1 Cor. 15-6; men armed Vergil Æneid 10. 204; men as representatives Homer Odyssey 3. 7; 500 knights or warriors very frequently in Nibelungenlied, where it is only meant to denote a "goodly company, 500 or more") Arahants Pj I 98; bhikkhus very frequent, e.g. D I 1; Vin II 199; Ja I 116, 227; Dhp-a II 109, 153; III 262, 295; IV 184, 186; sāvakas Ja I 95; upāsakas Ja II 95; Pv-a 151; paccekabuddhas Dhp-a IV 201; Pv-a 76; vighāsadā Ja II 95; Dhp-a II 154; sons Pv-a 75; thieves Dhp-a II 204; Pv-a 54; relatives Pv-a 179; women-servants (parivārikā itthiyo) Pv II 12 6 ; Vv-a 69, 78, 187; Pv-a 152; oxen A IV 41; monkeys Ja III 355; horses Vin III 6. — Money etc. as present, reward or fine representing a "round-sum" (cf. Nibelungen 314: horses with gold, 317: mark; dollars as reward Grimm No. 7; drachms as pay Horace Sat. II 743) kahāpaṇas Snp 980, 982; Pv-a 273; blows with stick as fine Vin I 247. — Various: a caravan usually consists of 500 loaded wagons, e.g. Ja I 101; Dhp-a II 79; Pv-a 100, 112; chariots Vv-a 78; ploughs Snp page 13. Cf. S I 148 (vyagghī-nisā); Vin II 285 (ūna-pañcasatāni); Ja II 93 (accharā); V 75 (vāṇijā); Dhp-a I 89 (suvaṇṇasivikā), 352 (rāja-satāni); IV 182 (jāti°) Pj I 176 (paritta-dīpā). Also BHS pañcopasthāyikā-śatāni Divy 529; pañca-mātrāṇi strī-śatāni Divy 533. Note: When Gotama said that his "religion" would last 500 years he meant that it would last a very long time, practically forever. The later change of 500 to 5,000 is immaterial to the meaning of the expression, it only {350} indicates a later period (cf. 5,000 in Nibelungeniled for 500, also 5,000 men in ambush Joshua 8:12; converted by Peter Acts 4:4; fed by Christ with 5 loaves Matthew 14:21). Still more impressive than 500 is the expression 5 koṭis (5 times 100,000 or 10 million), which belongs to a comparatively later period, e.g. at Dhp-a I 62 (ariya-sāvaka-koṭiyo), 256 (°mattā-ariyasāvakā); IV 190 (p. koti-mattā ariya-sāvakā). 3. Typical sets of 5 in the Pāli Canon. °aggaṃ first fruits of 5 (kinds), viz. khett°, rās°, koṭṭh°, kumbhi°, bhojan° i.e. of the standing crop, the threshing floor, the granary, the pottery, the larder Pj II 270. °aṅgā 5 gentlemanly qualities (of king or brahmin): sujāta, ajjhāyaka, abhirūpa, sīlavā, paṇḍita (see aṅga; on another combination with aṅga see below). The phrase pañcaṅga-samannāgata and °vippahīna (S I 99; A V 16) refers to the 5 nīvaraṇāni: see explained at Vism 146; °aṅgikaturiya 5 kinds of music: ātata, vitata, ātata-vitata, ghana, susira; °abhiññā 5 psychic powers (see Cpd. 209); °ānantarika-kammāni 5 acts that have immediate retribution (Miln 25), either 5 of the 6 abhiṭhānas (q.v.) or (usually) murder, theft, impurity, lying, intemperance (the 5 sīlas) cf. BMPE 245, note 2; °indriyāni 5 faculties, viz. saddhā, viriya, sati, samādhi, paññā (see indriya B. 15-19). °vidhaṃ (rāja°) kakudhabhaṇḍaṃ, insignia regis viz. vāḷavījanī, uṇhīsa, khagga, chatta, pādukā; °kalyāṇāni, beauty-marks: kesa°, maṃsa°, aṭṭhi°, chavi°, vaya°; °kāmaguṇā pleasures of the 5 senses (= taggocarāni pañcāyatanāni gahitāni honti Pj II 211); °gorasā 5 products of the cow: khīra, dadhi, takka, navanīta, sappi; °cakkhūni, sorts of vision (of a Buddha): maṃsa° dibba° paññā° buddha° samanta°; °taṇhā cravings, specified in 4 sets of 5 each: see Nidd II §271 V.; °nikāyā 5 collections (of Suttantas) in the Buddhist Canon, viz. Dīgha° Majjhima° Saṃyutta°, Aṅguttara° Khuddaka°, e.g. Vin II 287. °nīvaraṇāni or obstacles: kāmacchanda, abhijjhā-vyāpāda, thīnamiddha, uddhacca-kukkucca, vicikicchā. °patiṭṭhitaṃ fivefold prostration or veneration, viz. with forehead, waist, elbows, knees, feet (Childers) in phrase °ena vandati (sometimes °ṃ vandati, e.g. Pj II 78, 267) Ja V 502; Pj II 267, 271, 293, 328, 436; Vv-a 6; Dhp-a I 197; IV 178, etc. °bandhana either 5 ways of binding or pinioning or 5 fold bondage Ja IV 3 (as "ure pañcaṅgika-bandhanaṃ" cf. kaṇṭhe pañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā S IV 201); Nidd II §304 III B.2 (rājā bandhāpeti andhu-bandhanena vā rajju°, saṅkhalika°, latā°, parikkhepa°), with which cf. Śikṣāsamucc. 165: rājñā pañcapāśakena bandhanena baddhaḥ. — There is a different kind of bandhana which has nothing to do with binding, but which is the 5 fold ordeal (obligation: pañca-vidhabandhana-kāraṇaṃ) in Niraya, and consists of the piercing of a red hot iron stake through both hands, both feet and the chest; it is a sort of crucifixion. We may conjecture that this "bandhana" is a corruption of "vaddhana" (of vyadh, or viddhana?), and that the expression originally was pañca-viddhana-kāraṇa (instead of pañca-vidha-bandhana-k°). See passages under bandhana and cf. M III 182; A I 141; Kv 597; Pj II 479. °balāni 5 forces: saddhā° viriya° sati° samādhi° paññā° D II 120; M II 12; S III 96; A III 12 (see also bala); °bhojanāni 5 kinds of food: odāna, kummāsa, sattu, maccha, maṃsa Vin IV 176; °macchariyāni 5 kinds of selfishness: āvāsa° kula° lābha° vaṇṇa° Dhamma°; °rajāni defilements: rūpa°, sadda° etc. (of the 5 senses) Nidd I 505; Pj II 574; °vaṇṇā 5 colours (see reference for colours under pīta and others), viz. nīla, pītaka, lohitaka, kaṇha, odāta (of B.'s eye) Nidd II §235; others with reference to paduma-puṇḍarīka Vv-a 41; to paduma Dhp-a III 443; to kusumāni Sv I 140; Dhp-a IV 203, °vaṇṇa in another meaning (fivefold) in connection with pīti (q.v.); °saṃyojanāni fetters (q.v.). {389} °saṅgā impurities, viz. rāga, dosa, moha, māna, diṭṭhi (cf. taṇhā) Dhp-a IV 109; °sīla the 5 moral precepts, as sub-division of the 10 (see dasasīla and Nidd II under sīla on page 277); 4. Other (not detailed) passages with 5: Snp 660 (abbudāni), 677 (nahutāni koṭiyo pañca); Thig 503 (°kaṭuka = pañcakāmaguṇa-rasa Thig-a 291); Dhp-a II 25 (°mahānidhi); Pj II 39 (°pakāra-gomaṇḍala-puṇṇabhāva). Cf. further: guṇā Miln 249; paṇṇāni Vin I 201 (nimba°, kuṭaja°, paṭola°, sulasi°, kappāsika°); Paṇḍu-rāja-puttā Ja V 426; pabbagaṇṭhiyo Miln 103; pucchā As 55; mahā-pariccāgā Dhp-a III 441; mahā-vilokanāni Dhp-a I 84; vatthūni Vin II 196 f.; vāhanāni (of King Pajjota) Dhp-a I 196; suddhāvāsā As 14. In general see Vin V 128-133 (various sets of 5). -aṅga five (bad) qualities (see aṅga 3 and above 3), in phrase vippahīna free from the 5 sins D III 269; Nidd II §284 C; cf. BHS pañcānga-viprahīna. Especially of the Buddha Divy 95, 264 and °samannāgata endowed with the 5 good qualities A V 15 (of senāsana, explained at Vism 122): see also above; -aṅgika consisting of 5 parts, fivefold, in following combinations: °jhāna (viz. vitakka, vicāra, pīti, sukha, cittass'ekaggatā) Dhs 83; °turiya orchestra S I 131; Thag 398; Thig 139; Vv 36 4 ; Dhp-a I 274, 394; °bandhana bond Ja IV 3; -aṅgula = °aṅgulika Ja IV 153 (gandha°); Pj II 39 (usabhaṃ nahāpetvā bhojetvā °ṃ datvā mālaṃ bandhitvā); -aṅgulika (also °aka) the 5 finger-mark, palm-mark, the magic mark of the spread hand with the fingers extended (made after the hand and 5 fingers have been immersed in some liquid, preferably a solution of sandal wood, gandha; but also blood). See Vogel, The 5-finger-token in Pāli Literature, Amsterdam Akademie 1919 (with plates showing ornaments on Bharhut Tope), cf. also JPTS 1884, 84 f. It is supposed to provide magical protection (especially against the Evil Eye). Vin II 123 (cf. Vinaya Texts II 116); Ja I 166, 192; II 104 (gandha°ṃ deti), 256 (gandha°ā, applied to a cetiya); III 23, 160 (lohita°); Vv 33 18 (gandha°ṃ adāsiṃ Kassapassa thūpasmiṃ); Mhv 32, 4 (see translation page 220); Dhp-a III 374 (goṇānaṃ gandha-°āni datvā); Pj II 137 (setamālāhi sabba-gandha-sugandhehi p°akehi ca alaṃkatā paripuṇṇa-aṅgapaccaṅgā, of oxen). Cf. Mvu I 269 (stūpeṣu pañcaṅgulāni; see note on page 579). Quotations of similar use in brahmanical literature see at Vogel page 6 f. -āvudha (āyudha) set of 5 weapons (sword, spear, bow, battle-axe, shield, after Childers) Miln 339 (see Q.K.M. II 227), cf. p° sannaddha Ja III 436, 467; IV 283, 437; V 431; VI 75; sannaddha-p° Ja IV 160 (of sailors). They seem to be different ones at different passages; -āhaṃ 5 days Vin IV 281; Ja II 114; -cūḷaka with 5 topknots Ja V 250 (of a boy); -nakha with 5 claws, name of a five-toed animal Ja V 489 (so read for pañca na khā, misunderstood by commentary); -paṭṭhika at Vin II 117, 121, 152; is not clear (v.l. paṭika). Vinaya Texts III 97 translated "cupboards" and connect it with Sanskrit paṭṭikā, as celapattikaṃ Vin II 128 undoubtedly is ("strip of cloth laid down for ceremonial purposes," Vinaya Texts III 128). It also occurs at Vin IV 47; -patikā (feminine) having had 5 husbands Ja V 424, 427; -mālin of a wild animal Ja VI 497 (= pancaṅgika-turiya-saddo viya commentary, not clear); -māsakamattaṃ a sum of 5 māsakas Dhp-a II 29; -vaggiya (or °ika Pj II 198) belonging to a group of five. The 5 brahmins who accompanied Gotama when he became an ascetic are called p. bhikkhū. Their names are Aññākondañña, Bhaddiya, Vappa, Assaji, Mahānāma. M I 170; II 94; S III 66; Pv-a 21 (°e ādiṃ katvā); Pj II 351; cf. chabbaggiya; -vidha fivefold Ja I 204 (°ā abhirakkhā); VI 341 (°paduma), °bandhana: see this; -sādhāraṇa -bhāva fivefold connection Ja IV 7; -seṭṭha (Bhagavā) "the most excellent in the five" Snp 355 (= pañcannaṃ paṭhamasissānaṃ pañcavaggiyānaṃ seṭṭho, pañcahi vā saddhādīhi indriyehi sīlādīhi vā dhamma-khandhehi ativisiṭṭhehi cakkhūhi ca seṭṭho Pj II 351); -hattha having 5 hands Ja V 431.
【形】 五的。~kalyāṇa,【中】 五個美人標誌（即：頭髮，肉，牙齒， 皮膚和年齡）。~kāmaguṇa,【陽】 五欲。~kkhandha,【陽】 五蘊（即： 色、受、想、行、識）。~gorasa,【陽】 五牛味（母牛的五種産品，即： 牛奶，凝乳，酥油，鮮奶油和酸奶）。~ṅga, ~ṅgika,【形】 五支，無個 部份所組成。~ṅgulika, 五指印（手指浸過香水後，才打的五個指印）。~cakkhu, ~netta,【形】 五眼（有五種視覺）。~cattāḷīsati,【陰】 四十 五。~cūḷaka,【形】 五髻（有五個發結）。~tiṃsati,【陰】 三十五。~dasa,【形】 十五。~navuti,【陰】 九十五。~nīvaraṇa, 五蓋（五種禪修障礙，即：貪欲、瞋恚、惛沈睡眠、掉舉惡作、疑）。~paññāsati,【陰】 五十五。~patiṭṭhita,【中】 五體投地（即：以額，腰部，手肘，膝和腳來頂禮）。~bandhana,【中】 五縛。~bala,【中】 五力（信、精進、念、定、慧）。~mahāpariccāga,【陽】 五大施捨（即：最尊貴的財富，兒子，老婆，王國和四肢）。~mahāvilokana,【中】 五大觀（菩薩轉世前所作的五種調查，即：時間，大陸，地方，氏族和母親）。~vaggiya,【形】 五位一夥的（當喬達摩出家修苦行時，陪伴怹一起修行的五位比丘）。~vaṇṇa,【形】五色的（即：藍，黃，紅，白，褐）。~vīsati,【陰】 二十五。~saṭṭhi，【陰】 六十五。~sata,【中】 五百。~sattati,【陰】 七十五。~sahassa,【中】 五千。~sīla,【中】 五戒。~hattha,【形】 五腕尺的。
(card, card, x pl) five (5) five
(idiom, idiom, card + nt) five (mental) powers