masculine · niraya 1 · niraya 2
a place or state of punishment and torture (after death); hell, a hell
Niraya [BHS Niraya, nis + aya of i = to go asunder, to go to destruction, to die, cf. in meaning Vedic nir̥ti. The popular etymology given by Dhammapāla at Pv-a 53 is "n'atthi ettha ayo sukhan ti" = there is no good; that given by Buddhaghosa at Vism 427 "n'atthi ettha assādasaññito ayo" (no refreshment)] purgatory, hell, a place of punishment and torture, where sin is atoned (i.e. kamma ripens = paccati, is literally boiled) by terrible ordeals (kāraṇāni) similar to and partly identical with those of Hades and Tartarus. There are a great number of hells, of which the most fearful is the Avīci-mahā-Niraya (see Avīci). Names of other purgatories occur frequently in the Jātaka collection, e.g. Kākola VI 247; Khuradhāra V 269 f.; Dhūma-roruva V 271; Patāpana V 266, 271, 453; Paduma IV 245; Roruva III 299; V 266; VI 237; Saṅghāta V 266; Sañjīva ibid.; Sataporisa V 269; Sattisūla V 143. As the principal one n. is often mentioned with the other apāyas (states of suffering), viz. tiracchānayoni (animal world) and pittivisaya (the manes), e.g. at Nidd I 489; Nidd II §§517, 550; Pv IV 1 1 ; Thig-a 282; Pv-a 27 f. (see apāya). — There is a great variety of qualifying adjectives connected with Niraya, all of which abound in notions of fearful pain, awful misery and continuous suffering, e.g. kaṭuka, ghora, dāruṇa, bhayānaka, mahābhitāpa, sattussada etc. — Descriptions of n. in glowing terms of frightfullness are frequently found from the earliest books down to the late Peta-Vatthu. Pañcagati-dīpana and saddhammopāyana. Of these the following may be quoted as characteristic: S I 152 (10 Nirayas); M III 183; A I 141; Snp page 126 = A V 173; Nidd I 404 f. = Nidd II §304 III c; Ja IV 4 (Mitta-vindaka); Vv 52 (Revatī); Pv I 10; III 10; IV 1; 7; Dhp-a I 148. — See on the whole subject, especially Scherman, Materialen zur indischen Visionsliteratur, Leipzig 1792; and Stede, GPv , Leipzig 1914, pages 33-39. — References: Vin I 227 (apāya duggati vinipāta Niraya); D I 82, 107 {370} (the same); Vin II 198 (yo kho saṅghaṃ bhindati kappaṃ Nirayamhi paccati), 204; II 203 = It 86; D I 228 (+ tiracchānayoni), 54 (read Nirayasate for niriyasate); III 111; S IV 126; V 356, 450; M I 73, 285, 308, 334; II 86, 149, 186; III 166, 203, 209; A IV 405; V 76, 182, 184; Snp 248 (patanti sattā Nirayaṃ avaṃsirā), 333, 660 f., 677 f.; Dhp 126, 140, 306, 311, 315; Thag 304 (adhammo Nirayaṃ neti dhammo pāpeti suggatiṃ) = As 38 = Sv I 99 = Dhp-a I 22; Thig 456; It 12; Ja IV 463; Pp 60; Paṭis I 83 {334} (Avīci°); Vibh 86, 337; Vism 102; Miln 148; Dhp-a I 22; III 71; Saddh 7, 285. — See also nerayika. -gāmin (adjective) leading to Hell (magga) Snp 277; -dukkha the pain of H. Snp 531; -pāla a guardian of Hell, a devil A I 138, 141; M III 179; Nidd I 404; Vv-a 226. Names of guardians (after their complexion) e.g. Kāḷa (black) and Upakāḷa (blackish) Ja VI 248; -bhaya the fear of Hell Ja I 168; Vism 392; -saṃvattanika conducive to Hell Nidd I 489.
【陽】 煉獄，地獄。~gāmī,【形】 導致地獄的。~dukkha,【中】 地獄的痛苦。~pāla,【陽】 地獄卒。~bhaya,【中】 地獄的恐懼。~saṃvattanika,【形】 有助於地獄的。
<b> <c c="#a00149">Niraya</c> </b> <br>Hell. The Saṃyutta and Aṅguttara Nikāyas and the Sutta Nipāta contain a list of hells: Abbuda, Nirabbuda, Ababa, Aṭaṭa, Ahaha, Kumuda, Sogandhika, Uppala, Puṇḍarīka, Paduma. <c c="#3b6bd3">SN.i.149</c> <c c="#3b6bd3">AN.v.173</c> <c c="#3b6bd3">Snp.p.126</c> <br>The Devadūta Sutta <c c="#3b6bd3">MN.iii.185</c> of the Majjhima Nikāya contains another list: Gūtha, Kukkuḷa, Simbalivana, Asipattavana and Khārodakanadī.<br> <br>Location: <iref href="https://www.google.com/maps/search/40.25264,58.43941">40.25264,58.43941</iref> (Precision: 5, Type: hell)<br> </deftext>
(masc, masc, from aya) hell; hell realm purgatory, hell [lit.] no good fortune Construction: nir + √i > ay + *a
(nt, nt, from aya) hell; hell realm purgatory, hell [lit.] no good fortune Construction: nir + √i > ay + *a