masculine · muni 1 · muni 2
monk
a monk
Muni [cf. Vedic muni, originally one who has made the vow of silence. Cf. Ch. Up. VIII 5, 2; Ps.B. 132 note. Connected with mūka: see under mukha. This etymology preferred by Aufrecht: Abhidh-r-m page 311. Another, as favoured by Pischel (see under munāti) is "inspired, moved by the spirit." Pāli explanations (popular etymology) are given by Dhammapāla at Vv-a 114 and 231: see munana] a holy man, a sage, wise man. I. The term which was specialised in Brahmanism has acquired a general meaning in Buddhism and is applied by the Buddha to any man attaining perfection in self-restraint and insight. So the word is capable of many-sided application and occurs frequently in the oldest poetic anthologies, e.g. Snp 207-221 (the famous Muni-sutta, mentioned Divy 20, 35; Pj II 518; explained Pj II 254-277), 414, 462, 523 f., 708 f., 811 f., 838, 844 f., 912 f., 946, 1074 and passim (see Pj. index page 749); Dhp 49, 225, 268 f., 423. — Cf. general passages and explanations at Pv II 1 13 ; II {483} 13 3 (explained at Pv-a 163 by "attahitañ ca parahitañ ca munāti jānātī ti muni"); Miln 90 (munibhāva "munihood," meditation, self-denial, abrogation); Dhp-a III 521 (munayo = moneyya-paṭipadāya maggaphalaṃ pattā asekha-munayo), 395 (here explained with reference to original meaning tuṇhībhāva "state of silence" = mona). II. The commentary and Abhidhamma literature have produced several schedules of muni-qualities, especially based on the threefold division of character as revealed in action, speech and thought (kāya°, vacī°, mano°). Just as these 3 are in general exhibited in good or bad ways of living (°sucaritaṃ and -duccaritaṃ), they are applied to a deeper quality of saintship in kāya-moneyya, vacī-moneyya, mano-moneyya; or Muni-hood in action, speech and thought; and the muni himself is characterised as a kāya-muni, vacī° and mano°. Thus runs the long exegesis of muni at Nidd II §514 a = Nidd I 57. Besides this the same chapter (514 b ) gives a division of 6 munis, viz. agāra-muni, anagāra° (the bhikkhus), sekha°, {539} asekha° (the Arahants), pacceka° (the paccekabuddhas), muni° (the Tathāgatas). — The parallel passage to Nidd II §514 a at A I 273 gives a muni as kāya-muni, vācā° and ceto° (under the 3 moneyyāni).
【陽】 牟尼（出家人）。~nda,【陽】 牟尼因陀（偉大的聖人）。
(masc, masc, from munāti) monk; sage; seer; hermit; silent sage monk Construction: √mun + i
(nt, nt, abstr, from munāti) sage-hood; sagacity; sainthood Construction: √mun + i
(aor, aor of munāti) knew, understood