neuter · lakkhaṇa 1 · lakkhaṇa 2
sign
a sign; mark; characteristic; a prognosticative mark; a quality
Lakkhaṇa (neuter) [Vedic lakṣman neuter sign; adjective lakṣmaṇa; later Sanskrit lakṣmaṇa neuter. In the definition of grammarians synonymous with aṅka brand, e.g. Dhātup 536 "aṅka lakkhaṇe lakkha dassane," or Dhātum 748 "lakkha = dassana-aṅke"; cf. Ja I 451 lakkhaṇena aṅketi to brand. The Sanskrit proper name Lakṣmaṇa appears also in Prākrit as Lakkhaṇa: Pischel, Pkt Gr. §312] 1. sign, characteristic, mark; especially a sign as implying something extraordinary or pointing to the future, therefore a prognosticative mark (cf. talisman), a distinguishing mark or salient feature, property, quality (as Rh.D. in D.B. I 19 somewhat lengthily, after Buddhaghosa, translates lakkhaṇa by "signs of good and bad qualities in the following things and of the marks in them denoting the health or luck of their owners") D I 9 (a long list, as forbidden practice of fortune-telling, like maṇi° from jewels, daṇḍa° from sticks, asi° from marks on swords etc.); Snp 360 (plural lakkhaṇā, here as fortune-telling together with supina telling from dreams, cf. Pj II 362: daṇḍa°, vattha° etc. referring to D I 9), 927 (with Āthabbana, supina and nakkhatta, all kinds of secret sciences; explained at Pj II 564 as "maṇi-lakkhaṇādi") 1018 (gottaṃ brūhi sa° "with its distinguishing marks"); Ja VI 364 (sign of beauty); Miln 171 (yathāva° just characterization); Mhv 35, 109 (itthi° auspicious signs in women); Pv-a 161, 219; Pj II 386. A long enumeration of all sorts of (perfect) marks (tatha-lakkhaṇāni) is found at Sv I 62 f. Cf. tādi-lakkhaṇa marks of such (a being), with reference to good luck etc. Ja III 98; Pj II 200; Vv-a 95. 2. mark on the body, especially when serving a definition purpose, e.g. as the branding (of slaves), or the marks of a fortunate being, pointing towards his future greatness: (a) brand Ja I 451, cf. compound °āhata. (b) the (32) marks of a mahā-purisa or a great being, either destined to be a rājā cakkavatti, or a sammā-sambuddha. These are given at Snp 1019 (plural lakkhanā), 1021, 1022 as only 3 (viz. mukhaṃ jivhāya chādeti, uṇṇassa bhamukantare, kos'ohitaṃ vattha-guyhaṃ with reference to his tongue, to the hair between the eyebrows and to the sexual organ) the 3 lakkhaṇas at Snp 1022 refer to the brahmin Bāvari; more completely as 32 at D II 16 f.; III 142 f. (the Lakkhaṇa Suttanta); referred to at D I 88, 105; Ja I 56; Mhv 5, 91; cf. paripuṇṇa-kāya Snp 548 (with explanation lakkhaṇehi puṇṇatāya at Pj II 452). 3. (in speculative sense:) pudendum, sexual organ Ja V 197 (subha°, the male member), 366. 4. (adjective) (—°) having the marks (of), characterized by, of such and such character A I 102 (kamma°; bāla° and paṇḍita°, together with bāla- and paṇḍitanimitta); Miln 111 (sata-puñña°, of the Buddha); Vv-a 71 (para-sampatti-usuyyā-lakkhaṇā issā); Pv-a 17, 120. 5. (as technical term in philosophy) specific attribute, characteristic (mark). In contrast to nimitta more a substantial attribute or primary characteristic (cf. Vibh-a 261). Compared with other terms of definition we get the following: rasa essential property, paccupaṭṭhāna recurring phenomenon, padatṭhāna immediate occasion As 63 (translation Expositor I 84), cf. Cpd. 13 (where padaṭṭhāna is translated as "proximate cause"). — Paṭis I 54 f. (khandhānaṃ); II 108 (saccānaṃ), Vibh-a 85, 136 (with reference to the paṭicca-samuppāda, cf. Vism 528), 261 (fourfold, of kesā etc.); Vism 278 (with reference to kammaṭṭhāna) 351 (4, of the dhātus: {519} thaddha°, ābandhana°, paripācana°, vitthambhana°), 363 f. (the same), 495 (ariya-saccānaṃ); Vv-a 38 (compared with ārammaṇa with reference to jhāna). — The 3 properties (tilakkhaṇaṃ) of existing things or of the phenomenal world are anicca, dukkha, anatta, or impermanence, suffering, unreality: thus at Ja I 48 (dhamma-desanā ti-l-°muttā), 275; III 377 (through contemplating them arises vipassanā and pacceka-bodhi-ñāṇa). — ablative lakkhaṇato "by or qua characteristic," "in its essential qualification," often found in exegetical analysis in commentary style combined with various similar terms (atthato, kamato, nimittato etc.), e.g. Vism 351, 363, 495, 528; Vibh-a 46, 76, 83, 131, 261 (where Vism 351 has paripācana for uṇhatta); Pj II 343. The 3 lakkhaṇas at Sn 1022 refer to the brahman Bāvari. — Cf. upa°, vi°, sa°. {579} -āhata affected with a mark (of punishment or disgrace), branded Vin I 76; Vv-a 66; -kusala clever at interpreting bodily marks or at fortune-telling from signs (cf. nemittaka) M I 220; Ja I 272; -kusalatā cleverness at (telling people's fortune by) signs Vv-a 138; -paṭiggāhaka one who reads the signs, a soothsayer, wise man Ja I 56; -pāṭhaka an expert in (interpreting) signs, fortune-teller Ja I 455; II 194; V 211; -manta the secret science of (bodily) marks Snp 690 (but explained at Pj II 488 as "lakkhaṇāni ca vedā ca," thus taking it as dvandva); Dhp-a III 194; -sampatti excellency of marks Ja I 54; -sampanna endowed with (auspicious) signs Snp 409; Ja I 455. [[BD]: anatta as unreality is way off; without- or not- or non-self! Belonging to no-one.]
【中】 相，告示，標誌，特徵，預兆，質量。~pāṭhaka,【陽】 占相者（解讀徵兆的專家）。~sampatti,【陰】 相的優點。~sampanna,【形】 有吉兆的。
<b> <c c="#a00149">Lakkhaṇa</c> </b> <br>Mentioned as having stayed with Mahā Moggallāna on Gijjhakūṭa. Once, when they were going down to Rājagaha for alms, Lakkhaṇa noticed that at a certain spot Moggallāna smiled; on asking him why, he was told to wait till they saw the Buddha. When the question was repeated in the Buddha’s presence, Moggallāna said that he had smiled on seeing various Petas with gruesome forms flying through the air. From the text it would appear that these visions were seen again on several occasions. <c c="#3b6bd3">SN.ii.254</c> <c c="#3b6bd3">Vin.iii.104ff.</c> <br>When Moggallāna related his vision, some of the monks blamed him for claiming superhuman powers, but the Buddha declared him free from blame. <c c="#3b6bd3">Vin.iii.105</c> <br> <br> </deftext>
(nt, nt, from lakkheti) auspicious sign; birthmark; prognosticative mark sign, mark, prognosticative mark [lit.] marking Construction: √lakkh + aṇa
(nt, nt, act, from lakkheti) (interpreting of) auspicious signs; birthmarks; prognosticative marks [lit.] marking Construction: √lakkh + aṇa
(nt, nt, from lakkheti) quality; characteristic characteristic, quality [lit.] marking Construction: √lakkh + aṇa
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