feminine
compassion
Karuṇā (feminine) [cf. Vedic karuṇa neuter (holy) action; Sanskrit karuṇā, from kr̥. As adjective karuṇa see under 3.] 1. pity, compassion. Karuṇā is one of the 4 qualities of character significant of a human being who has attained enfranchisement of heart (ceto-vimutti) in the 4 sentiments, viz. mettā k. upekhā muditā Frequently found in this formula with °sahagatena cetasā. The first two qualities are complementary, and Pj II 128 (on Snp 73) explains k. as "ahita-dukkh-āpanaya-kāmatā," the desire of removing bane and sorrow (from one's fellowmen), whilst mettā is explained as "hita-sukh-ūpanayakāmatā," the desire of bringing (to one's fellow-men) that which is welfare and good. Other definitions are "paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ hadāyakampanaṃ karotī ti" Abhidh-av 21; "sattesu k. karuṇāyanā karuṇāyitattaṃ karuṇā ceto-vimutti" as explanation of avihiṃsa dhātu Vibh 87; paradukkhāsahana-rasā Vism 318. K°-sahagatena cetasā denotes the exalted state of compassion for all beings (all that is encompassed in the sphere of one's good influence: see cātuddisa "extending {176} over the 4, i.e. all, directions): D I 251; III 78, 50, 224; S IV 296, 322, 351; V 115; A I 183, 196; II 129, 184; III 225; V 300, 345; Ja II 129; Nidd II on Snp 73; Vibh 273, 280; Dhs 1258. 2. The definition of karuṇā at Vism 318 runs "paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ hadaya-kampanaṃ karoti." Frequently referred to as an ideal of contemplation (in connection with bhāvanā and jhāna), so in "karuṇaṃ ceto-vimuttiṃ bhāveti" S V 119; A I 38; V 360; in k° ceto-vimutti bhāvitā bahulī-katā, etc. D III 248; A III 291; IV 300; in k°-sahagataṃ saddhindriyaṃ A I 42; unspecified S V 131; A III 185; Nett 121, 124; Paṭis I 8; k° + mettā Nett 25; k° + muditā Abhidh-av 16 f., 26 f., 29; ananta-k°-pañña as especially of Buddha Abhidh-av 1; karuṇaṃ dūrato katvā, without mercy, of the Yamadūtā, messengers of Death Saddh 287; mahā° great compassion Paṭis I 126, 133; — °samāpatti a feat of great compassion: in which Buddha is represented when rising and surveying the world to look for beings to be worthy of his mercy and help D II 237; Paṭis 1, 126 f. Dhp-a I 26, 367; Pv-a 61, 195; 3. As adjective only in compounds (e.g. °vācā merciful speech; negative akaruṇa merciless Mhbv 85, and ati° very merciful Ja IV 142) and as adverb karuṇaṃ pitifully, piteously, mournfully, in k° paridevati Ja VI 498, 513, 551; Cp I 9, 54; also in ablative karuṇā Ja VI 466. — See also kāruñña. -ādhimutta intent upon compassion D II 241, 242; -ānuvattin following the dictates of mercy Dāṭh III 46; -guṇaja originating in the quality of compassion Saddh 570; -jala water of c., shower of mercy Miln 22; Mhbv 16; -jhāna meditation on pity, ecstasy of c. D II 237-39; -ṭṭhāniya worthy of c. Pv-a 72; -para one who is highest in compassion, compassionate Saddh 112, 345; -bala the power of c. Mhv 15, 61, 130; Saddh 577; -brahmavihāra divine state of pity Vism 319; -bhāvanā consideration or cultivation of pity Vism 314 sq; -rasa the sweetness of c. Mhbv 16; -vihāra (a heart) in the state of c. Vism 324 (and adjective °vihārin); Sv I 33; -sāgara an ocean of mercy Mhbv 7; -sītala "cool with c." + hadaya, whose heart is tempered with mercy Saddh 33; Sv I 1.
compassion; wise empathy, sympathy (for another being’s sorrows; one of the brahmavihāras)
【陰】 同情，憐憫。~yanā,【陰】 慈悲。
karuṇā 【梵】karuṇā 【滿】gosin 【蒙】nigülesekhü 【漢】悲
(fem, fem, abstr) compassion; sympathy; kindness (towards unfortunate beings) compassion, pity [lit.] action