adjective · kakkhaḷa 1 · kakkhaḷa 2
Kakkhaḷa [kakkhaṭa, cf. Sanskrit karkara = Pāli kakkaṭaka 1. rough, hard, harsh (literal and figurative) Dhs 648 (opposite muduka Dhs 962 (rūpaṃ paṭhavīdhātu: kakkhaḷaṃ kharagataṃ kakkhaḷattaṃ kakkhaḷabhāvo); Vism 349 (= thaddha), 591, 592 (°lakkhaṇa); Dhp-a II 95; IV 104; Miln 67, 112; Pv-a 243 (= asaddha, akkosakāraka, opposite muduka); Vv-a 138 (= pharusa). 2. cruel, fierce, pitiless Ja I 187, 266; II 204; IV 162, 427. — akakkhaḷa not hard or harsh, smooth, pleasant As 397. a.-vacata, kind speech, the same (= mudu-v.= apharusa-v. = a.-vācatā). -kathā hard speech, cruel words Ja VI 561; -kamma cruelty, atrocity Ja III 481; -bhāva rigidity Dhs 962 (see kakkhaḷa) Paṭiss I 26; harshness, cruelty Ja III 480. a° absence of hardness or rigidity As 151.
hard, solid; harsh, severe, cruel
【形】 粗糙的，硬的。~tā,【陰】 粗糙的事物，堅硬。
(adj, adj) hard; solid hard
(adj, adj) rough; harsh; unpleasant rough, harsh
(adj, adj) cruel; fierce; violent