jAti · feminine · jāti 1
birth
Jāti (feminine) [see janati and cf. Greek γενεά, γένεσις; Latin gens; Gothic kind-ins]. — Instrumental jātiyā (Snp 423) and jaccā (D II 8; Ja III 395; Dhp 393); ablative jātiyā (S I 88) and jātito (by descent: D II 8); locative jātiyaṃ (Pv-a 10) and jātiyā (Pv-a 78). 1. birth, rebirth, possibility of rebirth, "future life" as disposition to be born again, "former life" as cause of this life. Defined (cf. the corresponding explanation of jarā) as: yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattanaṃ tamhi tamhi satta-nikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyataṇānaṃ paṭilābho D II 305 = S II 3 = Nidd II §257. — Jāti is a condition precedent of age, sickness and death, and is fraught with sorrow, pain and disappointment. It is itself the final outcome of a kamma, resting on avijjā, performed in anterior births; and forms thus the concluding link in the chain of the paṭicca-samuppāda. Under the first aspect it is enumerated in various formulæ, either in full or abbreviated (see Nidd II §258), viz, (a) as (1) jāti, (2) jarā, (3) vyādhi, (4) maraṇa, (5) sokaparidevadukkhadomanass'-upāyāsa in the dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ (the noble truth of what is misfortune) Vin I 10; A I 176; III 416; °dhamma destined to be born, etc. M I 161 f., 173; — A V 216; Nidd II §§258, 304, 630, etc., in various connections (referring to some dukkha). (b) as Nos. 1-4: Nidd II §§254, 494 b ; Ja I 168, etc. (c) as Nos. 1, 2, 4 (the standard quotation, implying the whole series 1-5): S V 224; A V 144; jāti-paccayā jarā-maraṇaṃ Vin I 1; D II 31, 57, etc.; °ika A II 11, 173; °īya M I 280; Nidd II §40. (d) to this is sometimes added (as summing up) saṃsāra: Nidd II §282 feminine; cf. kicchaṃ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca uppajjati ca D II 30. (e) as Nos. 1 + 4: pahīna-jātimaraṇa (adjective) (= free from life and death, i.e. saṃsāra) A I 162; °bhayassa pāraga A II 15; °kovida Snp 484; atāri °ṃ asesaṃ Snp 355 (cf. 500); °assa pāraga Snp 32. (f) = e + saṃsāra (cf. d): sattā gacchanti saṃsāraṃ jātimaraṇagāmino A II 12 = 52; jātimaraṇasaṃsāraṃ ye vajanti punappunaṃ ... avijjāy'eva sā gati Snp 729. (g) as Nos. 1 + 2, which implies the whole series: atāri so jātijaraṃ A I 133 = Snp 1048; jātijar'-upaga Snp 725 = It 106; saṃyojanaṃ jātijarāya chetvā It 42; — Snp 1052, 1060; Dhp 238, 348; cf. jāti ādinā nihīna Pv-a 198. — Other phrases and applications: various rebirths are seen by one who has perfect insight into all happening and remembers his former existences (D I 81; III 50; A I 164; M II 20). Arahantship implies the impossibility of a future rebirth: see formula khīṇā jāti (M I 139; Snp page 16, etc.) and Arahant II A: jātiyā parimuccati S I 88; jātiṃ bhabbo pahātuṃ A V 144 f. — antimā jāti the last rebirth D II 15 (cf. carima); purimā j. a former existence Pv-a 1; atītajātiyaṃ in a former life (= pure) Pv-a 10. On jāti as dukkha see Vism 498-501. 2. descent, race, rank, genealogy (cf. φυή, genus), often combined with gotta. Two grades of descent are enumerated at Vin IV 6 as hīnā jāti (low birth), consisting of Caṇdāḷa, Veṇa, Nesāda, Rathakāra and Pukkāsa; and ukkaṭṭhā j. (superior birth), comprising khattiyas and brāhmaṇas. — The various meanings of jāti are given by Buddhaghosa at Vism 498, 499 in the following classification (with examples) bhava, nikāya, saṅkhata-lakkhaṇa, paṭisandhi, pasūti, kula, ariya- {257} sīla. — Kiṃ hi jāti karissati? What difference does his parentage make? D I 121; jāti-rājāno kings of birth, genuine kings Ja I 338; na naṃ jāti nivāresi brahmalokūpapattiyā Snp 139; jātiṃ akkhāhi tell me the rank of his father and mother Snp 421, 1004; cf. 462; na jaccā vasalo hoti Snp 136; 142; the same with brāhmaṇo Snp 650; with nāma and gotta in the description of a man jātiyā nāmena gottena, etc. Vin IV 6; jātito nāmato gottato by descent, personal and family name D II 8; cf. jāti-gotta-kula Ja II 3. See also j.-vāda. 3. a sort of, kind of (cf. jāta 3): {282} catujātigandha four kinds of scent Ja I 265; II 291. 4. (jāti°) by (mere) birth or nature, natural (opposite artificial); or genuine, pure, excellent (opposite adulterated, inferior), cf. jāta 1.b: in compounds, like °maṇi, °vīṇā, etc. -kkhaya the destruction of the chance of being reborn S V 168; A I 167; Snp 209, 517, 743; Dhp 423; -khetta the realm of rebirth Pv-a 138 (= dasa cakkavāḷasahassāni); -thaddha conceited, proud of birth Snp 104 (+ dhanatthaddha, gotta°: proud of wealth and name); -Thera a th. by rank D III 218; -nirodha the extermination of (the cause of) rebirth Vin I 1; -pabhava the origin or root of existence Snp 728; -puppha nutmeg Ja VI 367; -bhaya the fear of rebirth A II 121; -bhūmi natural ground, in °bhūmaka, °bhūmika, °bhūmiya living on natural ground (vassaṃ vasati) M I 145; A III 366; -maṇi a genuine precious stone Ja II 417; -maya constituting birth, being like birth Thig-a 285; -vāda reputation of birth, character of descent, parentage. The 1st of the 5 characteristics constituting a "well-bred" brahmin: yāva sattamā pitāmahāyugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena "of unblemished parentage back to the 7th generation" D I 120, etc. (= Sv I 281); A I 166; III 152, 223; Snp 315, 596. Cf. gotta-vāda (e.g. D I 99); -vibhaṅga a characteristic of birth, a distinction in descent Snp 600; -vīṇā a first-class lute Ja II 249; -sampanna endowed with (pure) birth (in phrase khattiyo muddhāvasitto j.°) A III 152; -sambhava the origin of birth A I 142; III 311; Ja I 168; -sambheda difference of rank Dhp-a I 166; -saṃsāra the cycle of rebirths, the saṃsāra of rebirths (see above the same feminine): pahīna left behind, overcome (by an Arahant) M I 139; A III 84, 86; °ṃ khepetvā the same Thig 168; vitiṇṇo j.° n'atthi tassa punabbhavo Snp 746; -sindhava a well-bred horse Ja II 97; -ssara the remembrance of (former) births (°ñāṇa) Ja I 167; IV 29; Dhp-a II 27; IV 51; cf. cutūpapāta-ñāṇa); -hiṅgulaka (and hiṅgulikā) natural vermilion Ja V 67; Vv-a 4, 168, 324.
jāti , ( 1 ) as in Skt. , kind, sort , but with forms of nt. gender: tāni sarvāṇi prāṇaka-jātīni Mv ii.95.10 (prose), all those kinds of living beings ; (prāṇakajātīyo 14, but then, in same sentence) tāni sthalacarāṇi prāṇakajātīni ( v.l. °tāni) 15; cf. , in ii.132.17 , ekaṃ (so mss. ) pi jātiṃ duve pi jātiṃ ( mss. ) trayo pi jātiṃ ( mss. ), etc. ; ( 2 ) f. , age ( cf. -jātīya ): daharo 'ham asmi … jātyā SP 318.2 (prose), I am young in age ( lit. , perhaps, by birth ); ( 3 ) (as in Pali , e.g. jāti-vīṇā Jāt. ii.249.24 , noble lute ; and like Skt. kula-) at beginning of cpd. , characterized by nobility; noble, excellent : jāty-utpalātimuktaiś ca SP 342.8 ( vs ), with excellent water-lilies and atimukta-flowers ( Burnouf and Kern transl. have different readings for the last word).
birth, being born; the possibility of being (re-) born; a birth; an existence; type of birth; class; lineage; type; kind; species; natural or true state, nature; true, genuine; naturally, by nature
【陰】 出生，再生，種族，民族，系譜，一種，一種類。~kosa,【陽】 肉豆蔻衣〔乾皮〕（一種香料）。~kkhaya,【陽】 剷除再生的機會。~kkhetta,【中】 出生地，再生的界。~tthaddha,【形】 以 （生）世家爲驕傲的。~nirodha,【陽】 生滅（再生的終止）。~phala,【中】 肉豆寇（一種常綠的熱帶小喬木 (Myristica fragrans)，原産摩鹿加群島，但 由於它的球形黃色核果産生肉豆蔻和豆蔻香料，已廣泛栽培）。~mantu,【形】 出生的良好（好世家），有真正的質量。~vāda,【陽】 討論有關 親子關係的事。~sampanna,【形】出生在良好或高貴的家庭。~sumanā,【 陰 】 大花素馨 （一種大 花的東印度群島茉莉屬植物 (Jasminum grandiflorum)，常栽培作香料和裝飾）。~ssara,【形】 記憶前生的。~hiṅgulaka,【中】 天然的朱紅。
(fem, fem, abstr, irreg, from jāyati) birth; rebirth; conception birth, rebirth Construction: √jan > jā + ti
(fem, fem, abstr, irreg, from jāyati) class; caste; social status race, nation, genealogy [lit.] birth Construction: √jan > jā + ti
(fem, fem, abstr, irreg, from jāyati) age; years [lit.] birth Construction: √jan > jā + ti
…该来源共 4 条释义