present 3 singular · jānāti 1 · jānāti 2
know
Jānāti [Vedic jña, jānāti °gene and °gne, cf. Greek γιγνώσκω, γνωτός, γνῶσις; Latin nosco, notus, (i)gnarus (cf. English i-gnorant); Gothic kunnan; Old High German kennan, Anglo-Saxon cnāwan = English know] to know. I. Forms: The 2 Vedic roots jān° and jñā° are represented in Pāli by jān° and ñā° (ña°) 1. jān: present jānāti; potential jāneyya (Snp 781) and jaññā (A IV 366; Snp 116, 775; Dhp 157, 352; Ja II 346; IV 478) 2nd singular jāneyyāsi (M I 487; Ja I 288), 1st plural jāniyāma (Snp 873) and (archaic) jānemu (Snp 76, 599; Vv 83 11 ); — imperative jānāhi (Snp 596, 1026; Pv II 9 12 ), 3rd. singular jānātu (It 28); — present participle jānanto and jānaṃ (D I 192; A I 128; Snp 722), present participle medium jānamāna (Ja I 168); — future jānissati (Ja II 342; VI 364); — preterit ajāni (Snp 536) and jāni (Ja I 125, 269), 3rd plural jāniṃsu (Ja II 105; Vv-a 113); — gerund jānitvā (Ja I 293; III 276); infinitive jānituṃ (Ja I 125). causative jānāpeti (see below IV 2). 2. ñā: future ñassati (D I 165); — preterit aññāsi (Ja I 271) and nāsi (Snp 471), 3rd plural aññaṃsu (Vv 22 4 ). — gerund ñatvā (frequent); — gerundive ñeyya A II 135 (see below) and ñātabba (Pv-a 133); — infinitive ñātuṃ (frequent) — past participle ñāta (q.v.). passive ñāyati to be called or named (Miln 25). II. Cognate Forms: Nidd II sub voce explains jānāti by passati dakkhati adhigacchati vindati paṭilabhati, and ñatvā (§267) by jānitvā tulayitvā tirayitva vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā (very frequent) The 1st explanation is also applied to abhijānāti, and the 2nd to passitvā, viditaṃ katvā, abhiññāya and disvā. The use of the emphatic phrase jānāti passati is very frequent. Yaṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi taṃ tvaṃ icchasi kāmesi? Whom you know not neither have seen, is it she that you love and long for? D I 193; Bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti passaṃ passati cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto M I 111; similarly A IV 153 f. See further D I 2, 40, 84, 157 sq, 165, 192 f., 238 f.; A I 128; III 338; V 226; Snp 908; Nidd II §§35, 413, 517; Vism 200. III. Meaning: 1. Intransitive to know, to have or gain knowledge, to be experienced, to be aware, to find out: mayam pi kho na jānāma surely, even we do not know D I 216; te kho evaṃ jāneyyaṃ they ought to know ibid.; jānantā nāma na āhesuṃ "nobody knew" Ja III 188; jānāhi find out Ja I 184; kālantarena jānissatha you will see in time Pv-a 13; ajānanto unawares, unsuspecting I 223; ajānamāna the same Pv II 3 14 . 2. Transitive to know recognize, be familiar with (usually with accusative, but also with genitive: Ja I 337; II 243), to have knowledge of, experience, find; to infer, conclude, distinguish, state, define: yaṃ ahaṃ jānāmi taṃ tvaṃ jānāsi D I 88; aham p'etaṃ na jānāmi Snp 989; jānanti taṃ yakkhabhūtā Pv IV 1 35 ; paccakkhato ñatvā finding out personally Ja I 262; III 168; cittam me Gotamo jānāti S I 178; jānāti maṃ Bhagavā S I 116; kathaṃ jānemu taṃ mayaṃ? How shall we know (or identify) him? Vv 83 11 ; yathā jānemu brāhmaṇaṃ so that we may know what a b. is Snp 599; yathāhaṃ jāneyyaṃ vasalaṃ Snp page 21; — ajānanto ignorant Pv-a 4; annapānaṃ ajāṇanto (being without bread and water) Pv-a 169; ittaraṃ ittarato ñatvā inferring the trifling from the trifle Pv I 11 11 ; iṅgha me uṇh'odakaṃ jānāhi find me some hot water S I 174; seyyaṃ jānāhi Vin IV 16; phalaṃ pāpassa jānamāna (having experi- {283} enced) Ja I 168; mantaṃ j. (to be in possession of a charm) Ja I 253; maggaṃ na j. Snp 441; pamāṇaṃ ajānitvā (knowing no measure) Pv-a 130. 3. With double accusative: to recognize as, to see {258} in, take for, identify as, etc. (cf. causative): petaṃ maṃ jānāhi "see in me a peta" Pv II 9 12 (= upadhārehi Pv-a 119); bhadd'-itthiyā ti maṃ aññaṃsu (they knew me as = they called me) Vv 22 4 . IV. Various: 1. gerund ñeyya as neuter = knowledge (cf. ñāṇa): yāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ (knowledge coincides with the knowable, or: his knowledge is in proportion to the k., i.e. he knows all) Nidd II §235 3 m; ñāṇaṃ atikkamitvā ñeyyapatho n'atthi "beyond knowledge there is no way of knowledge" ibid.; ñeyyasāgara the ocean of knowledge Pv-a 1. 2. causative jānāpeti to make known, to inform, or (with attānaṃ) to identify, to reveal oneself Ja I 107 (att. ajānāpetvā); VI 363; Vism 92 (att.); Pv-a 149 (att.); Dhp-a II 62.
knows, knows about (someone or something); is aware (of), experiences; gets to know, finds out; knows how (to, inf.); has knowledge or understanding
(ñā + nā), 知道，發現，意識到。【過】 jāni。【現分】 jānanta, jānamāna。【過分】 ñāta。【獨】 jānitvā, ñatvā。【不】 jānituṃ, ñātuṃ。
(pr, pr) knows; understands knows, is aware Construction: jānā + ti
(pr, pr) knows (as) knows, is aware Construction: jānā + ti
(pr, pr) finds out; learns; gets to know (if) finds out Construction: jānā + ti
…该来源共 4 条释义