gala 1.1 · gala 2.1 · gala 2.2
neck
Gala [°gel to devour, to swallow = Latin gula, Old High German kela, cf. Sanskrit gala jalukā, and °gṷel, as Greek δέλεαρ, cf. also Sanskrit girati, gilati Dhātup 262 gives as meaning of gal "adana." This root gal also occurs at Vism 310 in fanciful definition of "puggala"; the meaning here is not exactly sure (to cry, shout?) the throat Ja I 216, 264, III 26; IV 494: I 194 (a dewlap); Pv-a 11, 104. -agga the top of the throat Saddh 379; -ajjhoharaniya able to be swallowed (of solid food) Dhs 646, 740, 875; -ggaha taking by the throat, throttling D I 144 (+ daṇḍapahāra); -nāḷī the larynx Dhp-a I 253; II 257; -ppamāṇa (adjective) going up to the neck Ja I 264 (āvāṭa); -pariyosāṇa forming the end of the throat Ja III 126; -ppavedhaka (neuter) pain in the throat M I 371; -mūla the bottom of the throat Pv-a 283; -vāṭaka the bottom (?) of the throat (œsophagus°) Vism 185, 258. [BD]: gullet Note under Gala in Early Editions -gala with many other words containing a guttural + liquid element belongs to the onomatopoetic roots kr̥l and gcircle;l (kr̥r and gcircle;r), usually reduplicated (iterative), the main applications of which are the following: 1. The (sounding) throat in designation of swallowing, mostly with a dark (guttural) vowel: gulp, belch, gargle, gurgle. [mo: guzzle, gobble] 2. The sound produced by the throat (voice) or sound in general, particularly of noises or sounds either inarticulate, confused and indefinable or natural sounds striking enough per se to form a sufficient means of recognition (i.e. name) of the animal which utters this sound (cuckoo, e.g.) [mo: gobbler = tukey]. To be divided into: A. palatal group ("light" sounds): squeak, yell, giggle, etc., applied to — (a) Animate Nature: the cackling, crowing noise of Palmipeds and related birds, reminding of laughter (heron, hen, cock; cf. Pāli koñca, Latin gallus) — (b) Inanimate Nature: the grinding, nibbling, trickling, dripping, fizzing noises or sounds (Pāli galati, etc.). B. guttural group ("dark" sounds): groan, growl, howl, etc., applied to — (a) Animate N.: the snorting, grunting noise of the Pachyderms and related quadrupeds (elephant, opposite Pāli koñca, kuñjara; pig, boar) — (b) Inanimate N.: the roaring, crashing, thundering noises (Pāli gaḷagaḷāyati, ghurughurāyati). 3. The sound as indicating motion (produced by motion): A. palatal group ("sharp" sounds, characteristic of quick motion: whizz, spin, whirl): Pāli gaggaraka whirlpool, Greek κερκίς spindle, bobbin. B. guttural group ("dull" sounds, characteristic of slow and heavy motion: roll, thud, thunder). Sometimes with elimination of the sound-element applied to swelling and fullness, as in "bulge" or Greek σϕαραγέω (be full). These three categories are not always kept clearly separate, so that often a palatal group shifts into the sphere of a guttural one and vice versa. — The formation of kḷ gḷ roots is by no means an extinct process, nor is it restricted to any special branch of a linguistic ---[ [Page 247] ] — pre 2015 eds --- family, as examples show. The main roots of Indo-Germanic origin are the following which are all represented in Pāli (the categories are marked accusative to the foregoing scheme 1, 2A, 2B, 3): kal (2A): κλάζω, clango, Gothic hlahjan laugh; kār (2 A): κῆρυξ, Sanskrit kāru (cf. Pāli kitti), cārmen; kel (2 A): κέλαος, calo (cf. Pāli kandati), Old High German hellan; ker (2 Aa): καρκαίρω κόρκορος = querquedula = kakkara (partridge); kol (2 B): cuculus, kokila (a); kolāhala and halāhala (b); kor (2 Ba): cornix (cf. Pāli kāka), corvus = crow = raven; Sanskrit krośati; Pāli koñca. — gṷel (1) Latin gula, glutio, δέλεαρ; gṷer: (1) βόρος, βιβρώσκω, Latin voro, Sanskrit girati, Old High German querka; (3) βάραθρον (whirlpool) Sanskrit gargara: gel (1) Sanskrit gilati, Old High German kela — gal (2 A): gallus (a) gloria (b); gar (2 Ab): γῆρυς, garrulus, Old High German kara: gel (2 A): χελιδών (a) hirrio (to whine), Old High German gellan (b): ger: (1) γαργαρίζω (gargle) Sanskrit gharghara (gurgling). (2 Aa) γέρανος = crane, German krahen, Latin gracillo (cackle); (2 Ba) Old High German kerran (grunt), Sanskrit gr.ṇāti (singular; (2 Ab) Sanskrit jarate (rustle); gur (2 Ba): γρύζω = grundio = grunt; Latin gurgulio; Sanskrit ghurghura. With special reference to Pāli formations the following list shows a few sound roots which are further discussed in the Dictionary sub voce Closely connected with Indo-Germanic kḷ gḷ is the Pāli cerebral ṭ, th., ḷ, ṇ, so that roots with these sounds have to be classed in a mutual relation with the liquids. In most cases graphic representation varies between both (cf. gala and gaḷa) — kil (kiṇ) (2 Ab): kikī (cf. Sanskrit kr̥ka°), kilikilāyati and kinkiṇāyati (tinkle), kili (click), kiṅkaṇika (bell); kur (2 B): ākurati to hawk, to be hoarse; khaṭ (1) khaṭakhaṭa (hawking), kākacchati (snore); (2 Aa) kukkuṭa (cock); gal (1) gala (throat) uggilati (vomit); (2 Ab) galati (trickle): (2 Ba) Pk. galagajjiya (roar) and guluguliya (bellow); (2 Bb) gaḷagaḷāyati (roar); gar (2 A); gaggara (roar and cackle, cf. Sanskrit gargara to 3); (2 B); Gaggarāyati (roar); (3) gaggaraka (whirlpool); ghar (1) Sanskrit gharghara (gurgling); (2 Ab) gharati (trickle), Sanskrit ghargharikā (bell); (2 Bb) ghurughurāyati (grunt). — See also kakaca, kaṅka, kaṅkaṇa, cakora (cankora), cakkavaka, jagghati, ciṭiciṭāyati, taṭataṭayati, timiṅgala, papphāsa.
【陽】 脖子，咽喉。~ggāha,【陽】 抓著脖子，扼殺。~nāḷi,【陰】 喉頭。~ppamāṇa,【形】 直到脖子。~vāṭaka,【陽】 咽喉的底部。
(adj, adj, in comps, from galati) dripping; oozing Construction: √gal + a
(masc, masc, from galati) neck; throat neck, throat Construction: √gal + a
(adj, adj, in comps) eating; swallowing Construction: √gal + a