dAna · neuter · dāna 1.1
charity
Dāna (neuter) [Vedic dāna, dā as in dadāti to give and in dāti, dyāti to deal out, thus: distribution ( scilicet of gifts); cf. Greek δάνος (present), Latin damnum (E. damages); Greek δῶρον, Latin donum; also Anglo-Saxon tīd (= English tide, portion, i.e. of time), and tīma (= English time). See further dadāti, dayati, dātta, dāpeti. Definition at Vism 60: dānaṃ vuccati avakhaṇḍanaṃ] (a) giving, dealing out, gift; almsgiving, liberality, munificence; especially a charitable gift to a bhikkhu or to the community of bhikkhus, the Saṅgha (cf. deyyadhamma and yañña). As such it constitutes a meritorious act (puññaṃ) and heads the list of these, as enumerated in order, dānamaya puññaṃ, sīlamaya p., bhāvanāmaya p. viz. acts of merit consisting of munificence, good character and meditation (D III 218 e.g.; cf. cāga, puñña, sīla). Thus in formula dānādīni puññāni katvā Ja I 168; Pv-a 66, 105; cf. compounds under °maya. (b) Special merit and importance is attached to the mahādāna the great gift, i.e. the great offering (of gifts to the Saṅgha), in character the Buddhistic equivalent of the brahmanic mahāyajña the chief sacrifice. On 16 Mahādānas see Wilson Indian Caste 413; on 4 Beal Texts 88. — A IV 246; Ja I 50, 74; V 383 (devasikaṃ chasatasahassa-pariccāgaṃ karonto mahādānaṃ pavattesi "he gave the great largesse, spending daily 600,000 pieces"); Pv-a 19, 22, 75, 127, etc. (c) Constituents, qualities and characteristics of a dāna: 8 objects suitable for gifts form a standard set (also enumerated as 10), viz. anna pāna vattha yāna mālā gandha-vilepana seyyāvasatha padīpeyya (bread, water, clothes, vehicle, garlands, scented ointment, conveniences for lying down and dwelling, lighting facility) A IV 239; cf. Pv II 4 3 and see °vatthu and deyyadhamma. Eight ways of giving alms at D III 258 = A IV 236, five ways, called sappurisa-dāna (and asapp°) at A III 171 f.; eight sapp° at A IV 243. Five manners of almsgiving metaphorically for sīlas 1-5 at A IV 246 = Sv I 306. Five characteristics of a beneficial gift at A III 172, viz. saddhāya dānaṃ deti, sakkaccaṃ d.d., kālena (cf. kāladāna A III 41), anuggahitacitto, attānañ ca parañ ca anupahacca d.d. (d) Various passages showing practice and value of dāna: Vin I 236; D I 53 (+ dama and saṃyama; Cp It 15; Pv-a 276); II 356 f. (sakkaccaṃ and a°); A IV 392 f. (the same); D III 147 f., 190 f., 232; S I 98 (dānaṃ dātabbaṃ yattha cittaṃ pasīdati); A I 91 = It 98 (āmisa° and dhamma°, material and spiritual gifts); A I 161; III 41 (dāne ānisaṃsā); IV 60; 237 f. (mahapphala), 392 f. (°ssa vipāka); V 269 (petānaṃ upakappati); Ja I 8 (aggaḷa°); II 112 (dinna°), III 52 (the same); Snp 263, 713 (appaṃ dānaṃ samaṇa-brāhmaṇānaṃ) Pv-a 54 (āgantuka° gift for the newcomer); Saddh 211-213. — adāna withholding a gift, neglect of liberality, stinginess Pv II 9 45 ; Miln 279; Pv-a 25; cf. °sīla under compounds: atidāna excessive almsgiving Pv II 9 45 (cf. Pv-a 129); Miln 277. -agga [Sanskrit dānāgara, cf. bhattagga, salākagga; see Trenckner, "Notes" page 56] a house where alms or donations are given, a store-house of gifts, figurative a source or giver of gifts, a horn of plenty Ja VI 487; Dhp-a I 152, 189; Miln 2; Pv-a 121, 124, 127, 141. A possible connection with agga = āgra is suggested by combination dānāni mahādānāni aggaññāni A IV 246; -ādhikāra supervision or charge of alms-distributing. Pv-a 124 (cf. Pv II 9 27 ); -ānisaṃsa praise of generosity Pv-a 9; cf. A III 41; -upakaraṇa means or materials for a gift Pv-a 105; -upapatti (read uppatti at D III 258) an object suitable for gifts, of which 8 or 10 are mentioned (see above) A IV 239 = D III 258; -kathā talk or conversation about (the merit and demerit of) almsgiving, one of the anupubbi-kathā Vin I 15, 18; -dhamma the duty or meritorious act of bestowing gifts of mercy (cf. deyyadhamma) Pv-a 9; -pati "lord of alms," master in liberality, a liberal donor (definition by Buddhaghosa as: yaṃ dānaṃ deti tassa pati hutvā deti na dāso na sahāyo Sv I 298) D I 137 (+ saddho and dāyako, as one of the qualifications of a good king); A III 39; IV 79 f. (+ saddho); Snp 487; Pv I 11 4 (+ amaccharin); Ja I 199; Miln 279 f.; Saddh 275, 303; -puñña the religious merit of almsgiving or liberality (see above a) Pv-a 73; -phala the fruit of munificence (as accruing to the donor) A III 39; IV 79; Pv II 8 3 (°ṃ hoti paramhi loke: is rewarded in the life to come, cf. It 19); Pv-a 8 (cf. Pv I 1); -maya consisting in giving alms or being liberal (see above a) D III 218 (puññakiriya-vatthu); Vibh 135 (kusala-cetanā), 325 (pañña); Pv-a 8 (puñña), 60 (the same), 9 (kusala-kamma), 51, etc.; -vaṭṭa alms Ja VI 333; -vatthu that which constitutes a meritorious gift; almsgiving, beneficence, offering, donation D III 258 = A IV 236; Pv-a 20 (= annapānādika dasavidha dātabbavatthu Pv-a 7); -veyyāvaṭika services rendered at the distribution of gifts Dhp-a III 19; -saṃvibhāga liberal spending of alms D III 145, 169; A I 150, 226; III 53, 313; V 331; It 19; Vism 306; frequent with °rata fond of giving alms S V 351, 392; A IV 6 (vigatamalamaccherena cetasā), 266 (the same); -salā a hall, built for the distribution of alms and donations to the bhikkhus and wanderers Ja I 231, 262; IV 402 (six); V 383 (the same); -sīla liberal disposition Pv-a 89; usually as adāna-sīla (adjective) of miserly character, neglecting the duty of giving alms Snp 244; Pv II 8 3 (°ā na saddahanti dānaphalaṃ hoti paramhi loke); Pv-a 45 (= adāyaka), 59 (+ maccharin), 68 (the same).
( dāna , nt. , Skt. , gift ; as one of the four saṃgrahavastu , q.v. )
a gift; giving; liberality; alms; applying
【中】 佈施，慈善，捐獻，施捨。~kathā,【陰】 佈施論（談論佈施）。~gga,【中】 救濟院，佈施所。~pati,【陽】 精通於慷慨。~phala,【中】 慷慨給與的果報。~maya,【形】 由佈施所組成的（福報）。~vaṭṭa,【中】 經常佈施。~vatthu,【中】 佈施的物品。~veyyāvaṭika,【形】 佈施的 分發者。~sālā,【陰】 佈施堂。~sīla,【形】 有佈施品質的。~soṇda,【形】 喜歡佈施的。~nāraha,【形】 值得佈施的。
(nt, nt, act, from dadāti) giving; offering; charity; generosity charity, alms-giving Construction: √dā + ana
(nt, nt, from dadāti) alms; almsfood alms; gift [lit.] giving Construction: √dā + ana
(nt, nt) gap
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