neuter · cakka 4 · cakka 1
wheel
Cakka (neuter) [Vedic cakra, reduplicated formation from °quel to turn round (cf. Pāli kaṇṭha > Latin collus and see also note on gala) = that which is (continuously) turning, i.e. wheel, or abstract, the shape or periphery of it, i.e. circle. Cakra = Greek κύκλος, Anglo-Saxon hveohl, hveol = wheel. The unreduplicated form in Sanskrit carati (versatur), Greek πέλομαι, πολεύω, πόλος (pole); Latin colo, incolo; Old-bulgarian kolo wheel, Old Icelandic hvel] I. Crude meaning: 1. a wheel (of a carriage) Dhp 1; Pv-a 65 (ratha°); Miln 27. 2. a discus used as a missile weapon Ja I 74; Pañca-g 36; cf. khura° a razor as an instrumental of torture. 3. a disc, a circle: heṭṭhāpādatalesu cakkāni jātāni, forming the 2nd characteristic mark of a Mahāpurisa D II 17 = III 143; D III 149. — Ja II 331; Miln 51. 4. an array of troops (under tayo vyūhā: paduma° cakka° sakaṭa°) Ja II 404 = IV 343. II. Applied meaning: 1. (a wheel as component part of a carriage, or one of a duad or tetrad =) collection, set, part; succession; sphere, region, cycle Vin I 330 (cf. Vinaya Texts II 281); III 96; iriyāpatha° the 4 ways of behaviour, the various positions (standing, walking, sitting, lying down) Sv I 249; {259} Saddh 604. sā°, miga° the sphere or region of dogs and wild animals Miln 178; cakkena (instrumental) in succession Pv-a III cakkaṃ kātabbaṃ, or bandhitabbaṃ frequent in Yam and Paṭṭh, "The cycle of formulated words is to be here repeated." 2. (like the four wheels constituting the moving power of a carriage =) a vehicle, instrument, ways and means; attribute, quality; state, condition, especially good condition (fit instrumentality), catucakka an instrument of four, a lucky tetrad, a fourwheeler of the body as expressing itself in the four kinds of deportment, iriyāpathas A II 32; S I 16, 63 (catucakkaṃ). In this sense generalized as a happy state, consisting of "4 blessings": paṭirūpadesa-vāsa, sappurisūpassaya, atta-sammāpaṇidhi, pubbe-kata-puññatā A II 32; Ja V 114; mentioned at Paṭis I 84. Cf. also Snp 554 f.; 684. Especially pronounced in the two phrases dhamma-cakka (the wheel of the Doctrine, i.e. the symbol of conquering efficacy, or happiness implicated in the D.) and brahma-c° the best wheel, the supreme instrument, the noblest quality. Both with pavatteti to start and kcep up (like starting and guiding a carriage), to set rolling, to originate, to make universally known. dhamma° e.g. S I 191; A I 23, 101; II 34, 120; III 151; IV 313; Snp 556 f.; 693; Ja III 412; Paṭis II 159 f.; Pv-a 67 (see dhamma). brahma° M I 71; S II 27; A II 9, 24; III 9, 417; V 33; Vibh 317 f.; 344 (see brahma). Cf. cakkavattin (below). — Cf. vi°. -chinna (udaka) (water of a well) the wheel of which is broken Ud 83; -bhañjanin one who destroys a state of welfare and good Ja V 113 (patirūpadesavāsādino kusala-cakkassa bhañjanī commentary); -bheda breaking peace or concord, sowing discord Vin II 198; III 171; -yuga a pair of wheels Vv 83 2 ; -ratana the treasure of the wheel, that is of the sun (cf. Rh.D. Buddhist Suttas page 252; D.B. II 197, 102) D II 171; III 59 f., 75; Ja I 63; II 311; Sv I 249. See also cakkavattin; -vaṭṭaka (neuter) a scoop-wheel (a wheel revolving over a well with a string of earthen pots going down empty and coming up full, after dredger fashion) Vin II 122; cf. Saeculum 29 (1978), 228 — von Hinüber 2009, 771 -vattin (cf. dhammacakkaṃ pavatteti above) he who sets rolling the Wheel, a just and faithful king (rājā hoti with dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto Snp page 106, in corresponding passage v. 1002 as vijeyya paṭhaviṃ imaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena-m-anusāsati). A definition is given by Buddhaghosa at Sv I 249. — Three sorts of c. are later distinguished: a cakkavāḷa-c° a universal king, or cāturanta-c° (ruling over four great continents Snp page 106; Pj I 227), a dīpa-c° (ruling over one), a padesa-c° (ruling over part of one) Usually in phrase rājā cakkavattin: D I 88; III 156; IV 302; V 44, 99, 342; D II 16, 172; III 59 f., 75, 142 f.; M III 65; A I 76, 109 f.; II 37, 133, 245; III 147 sq; 365; IV 89, 105; V 22; Khp VIII 12 (°sukha); Ja I 51; II 395; IV 119; Vibh 336; Pv-a 117; Vv-a 18; Saddh 238, 453; Dhp-a II 135 (°sirī). °°gabbha Vism 126: °°rajjaṃ kāresi Ja II 311; -viddha (neuter) a particular form of shooting Ja V 130; -samārūḷha (adjective) having mounted the wheels, i.e. their carts (of janapadā) A I 178; III 66, 104, cf, JAOS 124 (2004), 808 = von Hinüber 2009, 963.
a wheel of a cart or carriage; the pattern of a wheel on the soles of the feet (one of the marks of a mahāpurisa); a circular missile, a discus; the “wheel” of sovereignty, of authority; sway; an attainment, success, accomplishment (as a means, as wheels are means to progress); a circle of possible cases, a series of permutations
【中】 輪子，圓周，圓盤，周期，指令。~aṅkita,【形】 有一個輪 子的標誌。~pāṇī,【陽】 毗瑟挐神（(Vishṇu) 其手中有個圓盤）。~yuga,【中】 一雙輪子。~ratana,【中】 （轉輪王的）輪寶。~vattī,【陽】 轉 輪王。~samārūḷha,【形】（在緊急中）登上了交通工具。
(nt, nt) circle; disc; cycle circle, disc, cycle
(nt, nt) wheel wheel
(nt, nt) vehicle [lit.] wheel
…该来源共 5 条释义