caNkrama
caṅkrama , m. and (less regularly) nt. (= Pali caṅkama; to caṅkramati ), ( 1 ) act of walking , in purely physical sense: vivṛtaḥ śobhate ārya āsana-sthāna-caṅkrame LV 157.15 ( vs ), when uncovered (unveiled), a noble person shines (is distinguished) in sitting, standing, and walking ; these are three of the (usually four) modes of physical behavior (the fourth being lying down), see s.v. īryāpatha 4; AsP 520.13 ; RP 45.18 ; cognate acc. °maṃ caṅkramyate or °mati, see (4) below; ( 2 ) walking, wandering , as an occupation or mode of life: in Karmav 104.14 one of the daśa guṇāḥ paiṇḍapātikatve, ten advantages in the mendicantʼs life , is, caṅkramo 'sya upārjito bhavati, he has acquired (a life of) walking, wandering about ; ( 3 ) place of walking, promenade (in the sense of ground where walking is done ): of walks in groves or parks (secular), ekaikaṃ caṅkrama-varaṃ … kalpayatha Mv ii.18.16 ( vs ), Śuddhodana says, adorn (or with mss. kalpayama, let us adorn ) every excellent promenade (in the Lumbinī grove, in preparation for Māyāʼs visit); gṛha-dhana-dhānyaśayana-vasanaṃ caṅkramodyānāni cānekaśo yācanakebhyo nisṛṣṭāni LV 318.5 (prose), … promenades and parks were bestowed on beggars many times ; ( 4 ) especially, promenade, terrace, place for walking (often rendered cloister ), for monks or Buddhas or other ascetics; sometimes associated with places for ‘standing, sitting, lying down’, the other īryāpatha , see mg. (1) above: samyaksaṃbuddhānāṃ adhiṣṭhitāni caṅkramā niṣadyāni śayyāni Mv ii.163.18 ; teṣāṃ bhikṣūṇāṃ sthānāni caṅkramāṇi niṣadyāni śayyāni Mv iii.420.15 ; teṣu ca caṅkrameṣu niṣadyāsv āsaneṣu ca Gv 518.7 (places); oftener associated [Page222-a] with a vihāra (from which it seems that one climbed or mounted to the caṅkrama, cf. Pali Therag. 271 … vihārā upanikkhamiṃ, caṅkamam abhirūhanto; so frequently abhi-ruh- occurs in BHS with this word): araṇyavāsi ( loc. ; v.l. °se) tiṣṭhanto caṅkrame ( WT °mam with Ḱ ) abhiruhya ca SP 335.5 ( vs ); ārāmāś caṅkramā dattāḥ (to Buddha and his monks) 341.13 ( vs ); ye keci bhikṣū sugatasya śāsane, abhiyuktarūpā sthita caṅkrameṣu 365.5 ( vs ); (yasmiṃś ca … grāme vā nagare vā …) janapadapradeśe vā caṅkrame vā vihāre vā ayaṃ Lalitavistaro … pracariṣyati LV 442.11 ; bhikṣŭṇāṃ saptaratnacitān vihārān kārayām āsa maṇi-caṅkramān ( prob. Karmadh. , not Bhvr. ) … RP 56.13 ; in Mv i.318.10 text, bhagavato Kāśyapasya caṅkrama-ṣaṣṭiḥ, for which Senartʼs note suggests caṅkrama-bhūmiḥ (violent em. !), but mss. kraṃkrame (or kraṃkame) ṣa°; possibly read caṅkrame yaṣṭiḥ, stick (pole, flagstaff?) in K ʼs promenade ; (vihārān …) ārāmān ramaṇīyāṃś ca caṅkrama-sthāna-śobhitān SP 334.9 ( vs ; ca°-sthāna, place of promenade , substantially = caṅkrama?); (vihārāḥ … bhikṣusahasrāvāsā ārāmapuṣpopaśobhitāś) caṅkramavanopetāḥ SP 339.3 , … provided with promenades and groves ; of a brahmanical ascetic, atha Brahmaprabho māṇavako 'nyatarasmin pradeśe kuṭīṃ kārayitvā caṅkramaṃ ( a walking-ground , in the wilds) pratiṣṭhāpya sattvānām arthāya tapas taptavān Divy 477.17—19 ; (Bhagavataś) caṅkrame dattaḥ ( sc. pradīpaḥ) Divy 90.3 , a lamp was given to the Lord on his promenade ( i.e. the place of exercise? or on his walk , to mg. 1 ?); loc. or acc. , followed by form of the cognate verb, bhagavāṃś cāsya nātidūre caṅkrame caṅkramyate Av i.183.1 ; ānando bahir vihārasyābhyavakāśe caṅkrame caṅkramyate 228.9 ; (Buddha speaks) yan nūnāhaṃ pauruṣamātraṃ vaihāyasam antarīkṣe dīrghaṃ caṅkramaṃ caṅkrameyaṃ Mv iii.114.12—13 , which he does in 15, dī° ca° caṅkramati aspṛśanto pādatalehi bhūmiyaṃ; in a dream the Bodhisattva sees himself, tathāgato … saṃbodhim anabhisaṃbuddho mahato mīḍhaparvatasya uparim anupalipyamāno caṅkramaṃ caṅkrame ( aor. ) Mv ii.137.11—12 and 139.7—8 ; the long (-continued) promenade ( cf. Mv iii.114.12—13 above) seems to have been a special spiritual exercise, to which exceptional importance is attached, and the cognate accus. in the following may be partly a noun of action, tho it seems rarely if ever completely separate from the place-designation; the Buddha, in the 2d or 3d week after enlightenment, (dvitīye) saptāhe tathāgato dīrghacaṅkramaṃ caṅkramyate sma LV 377.4 , (tṛtīyaṃ) saptāhaṃ prītisukhena dīrghaṃ caṅkramaṃ caṅkrame ( aor. ) Mv iii.281.12 ; (Buddha, vihārāto nirgamya … smitaṃ prāduṣkaritvā) dīrghaṃ caṅkramaṃ caṅkrame ( aor. ) Mv i.317.(7—)9 ; without use of the word dīrgha, the like is presented in SP , with emphasis on spiritual results: (the Bodhisattva Sarvasattvapriyadarśana) dvādaśa varṣasahasrāṇi caṅkramābhirūḍho ( Tib. ḥchag pa la zhugs śiṅ , having begun, undertaken, a walk ) 'bhūn mahāvīryārambheṇa yogābhiyukto 'bhūt SP 405.13 , followed by reference to this in 408.14 ( vs ), spoken by the Bodhisattva S. , ayaṃ mamā caṅkrama rāja śreṣṭha yasmin mayā sthitva samādhi labdhaḥ; similarly, yadā ca sa dharmabhāṇako 'smin dharmaparyāye cintāyogam anuyuktaś caṅkramābhirūḍho bhaviṣyati, tadāhaṃ … tasya dharmabhāṇakasya caṅkrama-kuṭīm ( Tib. ḥchag paḥi , = caṅkrama, gnas , = place , esp. abode, habitation ; cf. kuṭīṃ and caṅkramaṃ together in Divy 477.17—19 above) upasaṃkramiṣyāmi ( I will go to his promenade-hut which perhaps might be in a vihāra, but in any case must be the place where he rested during his caṅkrama with its long-continued attendant spiritual exercises) … asya dharmaparyāyasyārakṣāya SP 474.11—475.2 ; ye … ekaviṃśatidivasāni caṅkramābhirūḍhā abhiyuktā bhaviṣyanti, teṣām ahaṃ … ekaviṃśatime divase teṣāṃ dharmabhāṇakānāṃ caṅkramam āgamiṣyāmy … SP 476.3—5 [Page222-b] (note here the evident reference to caṅkrama as a definite place! ); in Kv caṅkramaṇa , q.v. , is used in the same local sense, but twice followed by caṅkrama in this same sense: tato vimānān niṣkramya svaka-svakāni caṅkramaṇāni pratyudgatāḥ ( sc. Bodhisattvāḥ), caṅkramecaṅkrame … (follows description of their physical beauties and decorations) Kv 65.1—2 ; (pious kiṃnaras) ṣaṭpāramitāsāṃkathya(ṃ) kṛtvā svaka-svakāni caṅkramaṇāni caṅkramanti ( cf. cognate verb with caṅkrama, above); kecit suvarṇamayāś caṅkramā(s) teṣu caṅkrameṣu sāmantakeṣu kalpavṛkṣāḥ, etc. Kv 66.6—7 .