masculine
Attan (masculine) and atta (the latter is the form used in compounds) [Vedic ātman, not to Greek ἂνεμος = Latin animus, but to Greek ἀτμός steam, Old High German ātum breath, Anglo-Saxon aeϸm]. I Inflection. (1) of attan- (noun stem); the following cases are the most frequent: accusative attānaṃ D I 13, 185; S I 24; Snp 132, 451. — genitive dative attano Snp 334, 592 etc., also as ablative A III 337 (attano ca parato ca as regards himself and others). — instrumental ablative attanā S I 24; Snp 132, 451; Dhp-a II 75; Pv-a 15, 214 etc. On use of attanā see below III 1 commentary — locative attani S V 177; A I 149 (attanī metri causā ); II 52 (anattani); III 181; M I 138; Snp 666, 756, 784; Vibh 376 (an°). (2) of atta- (a-stem) we find the following cases: accusative attaṃ Dhp 379. — instrumental attena S IV 54. — ablative attato S I 188; Paṭis I 143; II 48; Vibh 336. Meanings. 1. The soul as postulated in the animistic theories held in North India in the sixth and seventh centuries B.C. It is described in the Upanishads as a small creature, in shape like a man, dwelling in ordinary times in the heart It escapes from the body in sleep or trance; when it returns to the body life and motion reappear. It escapes from the body at death, then continues to carry on an everlasting life of its own. For numerous other details see Rh.D. Theory of Soul in the Upanishads JRAS 1899. Buddhist India 251-255. Buddhism repudiated all such theories, thus differing {20} from other religions. Sixteen such theories about the soul D I 31. Seven other theories D I 34. Three others D I 186/7. A "soul" according to general belief was something permanent, unchangeable, not affected by sorrow S IV 54 = Kv 67; Vin I 14; M I 138. See also M I 233; III 265, 271; S II 17, 109; III 135; A I 284; II 164, 171; V 188; S IV 400. Cf. ātuman, tuma, puggala, jīva, satta, pāṇa and nāma-rūpa. 2. Oneself, himself, yourself. Nominative attā, very rare. S I 71, 169; III 120; A I 57, 149 (you yourself know whether that is true or false. Cf. Manu VIII 84. Here attā comes very near to the European idea of conscience. But conscience as a unity or entity is not accepted by Buddhism) Snp 284; Dhp 166, 380; Miln 54 (the image, outward appearance, of oneself). Accusative attānaṃ S I 44 (would not give himself away, commentary: as a slave) A I 89; Snp 709. Accusative attaṃ Dhp 379. Ablative attato as oneself S I 188; Paṭis I 143; II 48; Vibh 336. Locative attani A I 149; III 181; Snp 666, 784. Instrumental attanā S I 57 = Dhp 66; S I 75; II 68; A I 53; III 211; IV 405; Dhp 165. On one's own account, spontaneously S IV 307; V 354; A I 297; II 99, 218; III 81; Ja I 156; Pv-a 15, 20. In composition with numerals atta-dutiya himself and one other D II 147; °catuttha with himself as fourth M I 393; A III 36; °pañcama Dīp VIII 2; °sattama Ja I 233; °aṭṭhama Vv-a 149 (as atta-n'aṭṭhama Vv 34 13 ), and °aṭṭhamaka Miln 291. anattā (noun and predicative adjective) not a soul, without a soul. Most frequently in combination with dukkha and anicca (1) as noun: S III 141 (°anupassin); IV 49; V 345 (°saññin); A II 52 = Paṭis II 80 (anattani anattā; opposed to anattani attā, the opinion of the micchā-diṭṭhi-gatā sattā); Dhp 279; Paṭis II 37, 45 f. (°anupassanā), 106 (yaṃ aniccañ ca dukkhañ ca taṃ anattā); Dhp-a III 406 (°lakkhaṇa). (2) as adjective (predicative): S IV 152 f.; 166; 130 f., 148 f.; Vin I 13 = S III 66 = Nidd II §680 Q 1; S III 20 f.; 178 f., 196 f.; sabbe dhammā anattā Vin V 86; S III 133; IV 28, 401. -attha one's own profit or interest Snp 75; Nidd II §23; Ja IV 56, 96; otherwise as atta-d-attha, e.g. Snp 284; -atthiya looking after one's own needs Thag 1097.ādhipaka master of oneself, self-mastered A I 150; -adhipateyya self-dependence, self-reliance, independence A I 147.ādhīna independent D I 72.ānudiṭṭhi speculation about souls S III 185; IV 148; A III 447; Snp 1119; Paṭis I 143; Vibh 368; Miln 146.ānuyogin one who concentrates his attention on himself Dhp 209; Dhp-a III 275.ānuvāda blaming oneself A II 121; Vibh 376; -uññā self-humiliation Vibh 353 (+ att-avaññā); -uddesa relation to oneself Vin III 149 (= attano atthāya), also °ika ibid. 144; -kata self-made S I 134 (opposite para°); -kāma love of self A II 21; adjective a lover of "soul", one who cares for his own soul S I 75; -kāra individual self, fixed individuality, oneself (cf. ahaṃ-kāra) D I 53 (opposite para°); A III 337 (the same) Sv I 160; as neuter at Ja V 401 in the sense of service ("self-doing", slavery) (attakārāni karonti bhattusu); -kilamatha self-mortification D III 113; S IV 330; V 421; M III 230; -garahin self-censuring Snp 778; -gutta self-guarded Dhp 379; -gutti watchfullness as regards one's self, self-care A II 72; -ghañña self-destruction Dhp 164; -ja proceeding from oneself Dhp 161 (pāpa); -ññū knowing oneself A IV 113, cf. D III 252; - (n)tapa self-mortifying, self-vexing D III 232 = A II 205 (opposite paran°); M I 341, 411; II 159; Pp 55, 56; -daṇḍa see atta 1 ; -danta self-restrained, self-controlled Dhp 104, 322; -diṭṭhi speculation concerning the nature of the soul Nidd I 107; Pj II 523, 527; -dīpa relying on oneself, independent, founded on oneself (+ atta-saraṇa, opposite añña°) D II 100 = III 42; S V 154; Snp 501 (= attano guṇe eva attano dīpaṃ katvā Pj II 416); -paccakkha only in instrumental °ena by or with his own presence, i.e. himself Ja V 119; -paccakkhika eye-witness Ja V 119; -paccatthika hostile to oneself Vin II 94, 96; -paṭilābha acquisition of a personality D I 195 (tayo: oḷārika, manomaya, arūpa); -paritāpana self-chastisement, mortification D III 232 = A II 205; M I 341; Pv-a 18, 30; -parittā charm (protection) for oneself Vin II 110; -paribhava disrespect for one's own person Vibh 353; -bhāva one's own nature (1) person, personality, individuality, living creature; form, appearance [cf. BMPE lxxix and BHS ātmabhāva body Divy 70, 73 (°pratilambha), 230; Avadānaśataka I 162 (pratilambha), 167, 171] Vin II 238 (living beings, forms); S V 442 (bodily appearance); A I 279 (oḷārika a. substantial creature); II 17 (creature); Dhp-a II 64, 69 (appearance); Pj II 132 (personality). — (2) life, rebirth A I 134 f.; III 412; {23} Dhp-a II 68; Pv-a 8, 15, 166 (atītā °ā former lives). °ṃ pavatteti to lead a life, to live Pv-a 29, 181. Thus in compound paṭilābha assumption of an existence, becoming reborn as an individual Vin II 185; III 105; D III 231; M III 46; S II 255, 272, 283; III 144; A II 159, 188; III 122 f. — (3) character, quality of heart Snp 388 (= citta Pj II 374); Ja I 61; -rūpa "of the form of self", self-like only in instrumental °ena as adverb by oneself, on one's own account, for the sake of oneself S IV 97; A II 120; -vadha self-destruction S II 241; A II 73; -vāda theory of (a persistent) soul D III 230; M I 66; D II 58; S II 3, 245 f.; III 103, 165, 203; IV 1 f., 43 f., 153 f.; Paṭis I 156 f.; Vibh 136, 375. For various points of an "atta-vādic" doctrine see Index to Saṃyutta Nikāya; -vyābādha personal harm or distress self-suffering, one's own disaster (opposite para°) M I 369; S IV 339 = A I 157; II 179; -vetana supporting oneself, earning one's own living Snp 24; -sañcetanā self-perception, self-consciousness (opposite para°) D III 231; A II 159; -sambhava originating from one's self S I 70; A IV 312; Dhp 161 (pāpa); Thag 260; -sambhūta arisen from oneself Snp 272; -sammāpaṇidhi thorough pursuit or development of one's personality A II 32; Snp 260, cf. Pj I 132; -saraṇa see °dipa; -sukha happiness of oneself, self-success Dīp I 66, Cp II 11; -hita personal welfare one's own good (opposite para°) D III 233; A II 95 f. -hetu for one's own sake, out of self-consideration Snp 122; Dhp 328. [BD]: Attha-sañcetanā: through one's own intent
the self, the soul, as a permanent, unchangeable, autonomous entity (always rejected by the Pāḷi Buddhist texts as not corresponding to any reality); the self, one’s own self (the abstract individual); the image in a looking-glass; especially; oneself, himself, yourself, (used (in the singular) as reflexive pronoun for all three persons and genders); instrumental attanā, by oneself; in oneself, as for oneself, often used in the sense of a nominative; (adjective) full, complete (or personal)