indeclinable · anu 1.1 · anu 1.2
Anu 1 (indeclinable) [Vedic anu, Avesta anu; Greek ἄνω to ἄνα along, up; Avesta ana, Gothic ana, Old High German ana, Anglo-Saxon on, German an, Latin an (in anhelare etc.)] preposition and prefix A. As preposition anu is only found occasionally, and here its old (vedic) function with accusative is superseded by the locative (a) Traces of use with accusative may be seen in expressions of time like anu pañcāhaṃ by 5 days, i.e. after (every) 5 days (cf. Vedic anu dyūn day by day); a. vassaṃ for one year or yearly; a. saṃvaccharaṃ the same (b) More frequent with locative (= alongside, with, by) a. tīre by the bank S IV 177; pathe by the way Ja V 302; pariveṇiyaṃ in every cell Vin I 80; magge along the road Ja V 201; vāte with the wind Ja II 382. B. As prefix: (a) General character. anu is frequent as modifying (directional) element with well-defined meaning ("along"), as such also as 1st component of prefix-compounds, e.g. anu + ā (anvā°), anu + pra (anuppa°), + pari, + vi, + saṃ. — As base, i.e. 2nd part of a prefix-compound it is rare and only found in combination sam-anu°. The prefix saṃ is its nearest relation as modifying prefix. The opposite of anu is paṭi and both are often found in one compound (cf. °loma, °vāta). (b) Meanings. I. With verbs of motion: "along towards". (a) the motion viewed from the front backward = after, behind; especially with verbs denoting to go, follow etc. E.g. °aya going after, connection; °āgacch° follow, °kkamati follow, °dhāvati run after, °patta received, °parivattati move about after, °bandhati run after, °bala rear-guard, °bhāsati speak after, repeat, °vāda speaking after, blame, °vicarati roam about °viloketi look round after (survey), °saṃcarati proceed around etc. (b) the motion viewed from the back forward = for, towards an aim, onto, over to, forward. Especially in double prefix-compounds (especially with °ppa°), e.g. anu-ādisati design for, dedicate °kaṅkhin longing for, °cintana care for, °tiṭṭhati look after, °padinna given over to, °pavecchati hand over, °paviṭṭha entered into, °pasaṃkamati go up to, °rodati cry for, °socati mourn for. II. With verbs denoting a state or condition: (a) literal: along, at, to, combined with. Often resembling English be- or German be-, also Latin ad- and con-. Thus often transitiving or simply emphatic. E.g. °kampā com-passion, °kiṇṇa be-set, °gaṇhāti take pity on, °gāyati be-singen, °jagghati laugh at, belaugh, °ddaya pity with, °masati touch at, °yuñjati order along, °yoga devotion to, °rakkhati be-guard, °litta be-smeared or an-ointed, °vitakketi reflect over, °sara con-sequential; etc. (b) applied: according to, in conformity with. E.g. °kūla being to will, °chavika befitting, °ñāta permitted, al-lowed, °mati con-sent, a-greement, °madati ap-preciate, °rūpa = con-form, °vattin acting according to, °ssavana by hearsay, °sāsati ad-vise, com-mand etc. III. (a) (figurative) following after = second to, secondary, supplementary, inferior, minor, after, smaller; e.g. °dhamma lesser morality, °pabbajā discipleship, °pavattaka ruling after, °bhāga after-share, °majjha mediocre, °yāgin assisting in sacrifice, °vyañjana smaller marks, etc.; cf. paṭi in same sense. (b) distributive (cf. A. a.) each, every, one by one, (one after one): °disā in each direction, °pañcāhaṃ every 5 days, °pubba one after the other. IV. As one of the contrasting (-comparative) prefixes (see remarks on ati and cf. ā 3 ) anu often occurs in reduplicative compounds after the style of khuddānukhuddaka "small and still smaller", i.e. all sorts of {34} small items or whatever is small or insignificant. More frequent combinations are the following: (q.v. under each heading) padānupadaṃ, pubbānupubbaka, poṅhānupoṅkhaṃ, Buddhānubuddha, vādānuvāda, seṭṭhānuseṭṭhi. V. As regards dialectical differences in meanings of prefixes, anu is frequently found in Pāli where the Sanskrit variant presents apa (for ava), abhi or ava. For Pāli anu = Sanskrit (Vedic) apa see anuddhasta; = Sanskrit abhi see anu-gijjhati, °brūheti, °sandahati; = Sanskrit ava see anu-kantati, °kassati 2 , °kiṇṇa, °gāhati, °bujjhati °bodha, °lokin, °vajja. Note (a) anu in compounds is always contracted to °ānu°, never elided like adhi = °dhi or abhi = °bhi. The rigid character of this rule accounts for forms isolated out of this sort of epds. (like maha-nubhāva), like ānupubbikathā (from °pubbānupubba°), ānubhāva etc. We find ānu also in combination with an- under the influence of metre. — (b) the assimilation (contracted) form of anu before vowels is anv°. Anu 2 (adjective) subtile; frequent spelling for aṇu, e.g. D I 223 Saddh 271, 346 (anuṃ thūlaṃ). See aṇu.
1 anu , indecl. in noun and verb cpds. ; (a) in distributive (? or intensive) noun cpds. , as in Pali , CPD s.v. anu (g); also in JM , e.g. gāmāṇugāmaṃ Jacobi, Erz. 13.2 ; rare in Skt. , ‘typical in Buddh. ’, Renou, Gr. scte. p. 94 : divasānudivasaṃ, adv. , day after day , Av i.208.10 ; 261.14 ; see kālānukālam, kṣudrānukṣudra, kṣudrakānukṣudraka, anucāra, anudharma ; but the usage is not always clear and the last-named, at least, prob. does not belong here; (b) in verb cpds. used in many cases which have no parallels in Skt. , nor (often) even in Pali or Pkt. ; usually before other preverbs. See the following entries in this work. Very often it is hard to see any definite meaning which anu adds; Tib. in its wooden way renders by rjes su , after , which as Jäschke says ‘is often not to be translated’.
2 anu = Skt. aṇu, subtle ; subst. atom . So often spelled in Pali ; acc. to CPD false reading. Cf. LV 261.18 anumātraṃ, all mss. , only Calc. aṇu°, = Pali Sn 431 aṇumattena ( v.l. anu°), adv. , even the least bit .
1. anu mfn. = aRu , q.v. , L.
as prefix and preverb expresses: with, along; after, behind; subordinate to, inferior to; according to, in conformity with; severally one after the other; repeatedly; as separate preposition with accusative and in prepositional compounds, expresses: according to, in conformity with; severally, each by each; with locative expresses: along, alongside; as adverb, after, afterwards, next
anu ind. (Either used with nouns to form adverbial compounds, or as a prefix to verbs and verbal derivatives, or as a separable preposition with acc. and regarded as a karmapravacanIya ) 1 After, behind, along after ( paScAt ); sarve nAradamanu upaviSaMti V. 5 ; pramadAmanu saMsTitaH SucA nfpatiH san R. 8. 72 ; taM gacCaMtyanu ye vipattizu sadA te tatpratizWASayA Mu. 1. 14 ; asO kumArastamajonujAtaH R. 6. 78 ; ratyA ca sASaMkamanuprayAtaH Ku. 3. 23 ; krameRa suptAmanu saMviveSa suptotTitAM prAtaranUdatizWat R. 2. 24 ; anuvizRu = vizRoH paScAt P. II. 4. 18 Sk. ; tadanu kaTeyarmADavIyAmavasTAM Māl. 9. 26 afterwards. 2 Along, along-side, by the side of, lengthwise ( yasya ca AyAmaH ); jalAni sA tIraniKAtayUpA vahatyayoDyAmanu rAjaDAnIM R. 13. 61 ; so' SvameDaSatenezwvA yamunAmanu vIryavAn . triSatASvAn sarasvatyAM gaMgAmanu catuHSatAn Mb. ; anugaMgaM vArARasI = gaMgAmanvAyataM ( gaMgAdErGyasadfSadErGyopalakzitA ) situated alongside the Ganges P. II. 1. 16 Sk. ; AvirBUtapraTamamukulAH kaMdalIScAnukacCaM Me. 21 ; giririva anutawapuzpitakarRikArayazwiH V. 3. 3 along the sides or slopes. 3 After, in consequence of, being indicated by; japamanu prAvarzat P. II. 3. 8 Sk. ( hetuBUtajapopalakzitaM varzaRaM ); so vfkzamanu vidyotate vidyut . 4 With, along with ( sahArTe ); connected with; nadImanu avasitA semA P. I. 4. 85 Sk. ( nadyAsaha saMbadDA ); umAstanodBedamanu pravfdDaH Ku. 7. 24 along with, contemporaneously; Śi. 8. 56 ; divasonumitramagamadvilayaM 9. 17. 5 Inferior or subordinate to ( hIne ); mitralABamanu lABasaMpadaH Ki. 13. 52 inferior, lower in value or importance; anu hariM surAH = harerhInAH P. I. 4. 86 Sk. 6 In a particular relation or state ( itTaMBUtAKyAne prakAraviSezanirUpaRe ); Bakto vizRumanu Sk. ( vizRoritTaMBUtaH, BaktiviSezayuktaH ) an ardent devotee of Viṣṇu; yastvAM dvezwi sa mAM dvezwi yastvAmanu sa mAmanu Rām. favourably inclined or devoted to. 7 Having a part or share, participation; or one that claims a share of ( BAge ); BAgo'syAsti iti BAgasvAmI ; lakzmIrharimanu ( harerBAgaH ) Sk. , harisvAmikaBAgavatItyarTaH . 8 Repetition, in a distributive sense, mostly in comp. ( vIpsArTe , vizayatAyAM ); anudivasaM day by day, every day; anukzaRaM every moment; °velaM every time, frequently; vfkzaM vfkzamanu siMcati Sk. waters tree after tree, i. e. every tree ( yAvadvfkzavyApakaH sekaH ). 9 Towards, in the direction of ( pb ) near, to, at ( anuryatsamayA P. II. 1. 15 ); anuvanamaSanirgataH Sk. ; °nadi Śi. 7. 24 near the river; prajiGAya kAMtamanu mugDataraH 9. 55 to ( prati ); on or in, with the force of the locative; yadetadasyAnutawaM viBAti 4. 39 , 7. 1 ; tasmAdgacCeranukanaKalaM SElarAjAvatIrRAM (jahnoH kanyAM) Me. 50. 10 In orderly succession, according to; anukramaM in regular order; anujyezWaM = jyezWasyAnupUrvyeRa in order of seniority; °pUrvaM; anurUpaM = rUpasya yogyaM Sk. 11 Corresponding with, like, in imitation of; sarvaM mAmanu te priyAvirahajAM tva tu vyaTAM mAnuBUH V. 4. 25 ; so anugarj to roar after or in imitation of. 12 Following, conformable to ( anugata ); taTEva so'BUdanvarTo rAjA prakftiraMjanAt R. 4. 12 ( anugato'rTo yasya ). 13 With regard to, towards, in respect of; arDyadAnamanu codito vacaH Śi. 14. 53 ; sADurdevadatto mAtaramanu . 14 On account of, by reason of (with abl. ); samasto bata loko'yaM Bajate kAraRAdanu . tvaM tu nizkAraRAdeva prIyase varavarRini .. Rām. As a separable adverb anu is used only in the Vedas and means after, afterwards, later on, now, at this time, again, once more, then, and further. (The senses of anu as given by G. M. are: — anu vedADyayanAnuzWAnasAmIpyapaScAdBAvAnubaMDasAmyABimuKahInavisargalakzaRezu ; e. g. vede anuvAkaH; anuzWAne anutizWati; sAmIpye anumeGaM varzati; paScAdBAve tadanu; anubaMDane anuSete ; sAmye anukaroti; ABimuKye mAtaramanuDAvati vatsaH; hIne anuhariM surAH; visarge anujAnIte ; lakzaRe anuvanamaSanirgataH ). The senses of anu may be thus expressed in verse: - AyAme'paraBAve ca (paScAdarTe) vIpsAyAM sanniDO taTA . itTaMBUte lakzaRe ca BAgasAdfSyayorapi .. yogyatAyAM taTA hIne tftIyArTe hyanukrame . arTezvetezu bahuSo hyanuSabdaH prayujyate .. .
(prefix, prefix, prep) (of space) along; beside
(prefix, prefix, prep) (of time) after; every; following
(prefix, prefix) more; further; following; after; behind; along
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