number · aṭṭha vimokkhā · aṭṭha 1.1
eight
Aṭṭha 1 [Vedic aṣṭau, old dual, Indo-Germanic °octou, pointing to a system of counting by tetrads (see also nava); Avesta aśta, Greek ὸκτώ, Latin octo, Gothic ahtau = Old High German ahto, German acht, English eight] cardinal number, eight, declention like plural of adjective in-a. A. The number in objective significance, based on natural phenomena: see compounds °aṅgula, °nakha, °pada, °pāda. {14} B. The number in subjective significance. (1) As mark of respectability and honour, based on the idea of the double square: (a.) in meaning "a couple" aṭṭha matakukkuṭe aṭṭha jīva-k. gahetvā (with 8 dead and 8 live cocks; eight instead of 2 because gift intended for a king) Dhp-a I 213. saṅghassa a salākabhattaṃ dāpesi Vv-a 75 = Dhp-a III 104. a. piṇḍapātāni adadaṃ Vv 34 8 . a. vattha-yugāni (a double pair as offering) Pv-a 232, a therā Pv-a 32. — The highest respectability is expressed by 8 X 8 = 64, and in this sense is frequently applied to gifts, where the giver gives a higher potency of a pair (2 3 ). Thus a "royal" gift goes under the name of sabb'aṭṭhakaṃ dānaṃ (8 elephants, 8 horses, 8 slaves etc.) where each of 8 constituents is presented in 8 exemplars Dhp-a II 45, 46, 71. In the same sense aṭṭh- aṭṭha kahāpaṇā (as gift) Dhp-a II 41; aṭṭh'aṭṭhakā dibbā kaññā Vv 67 3 (= catusaṭṭhi Vv-a 290); aṭṭhaṭṭhaka Dīp VI 56. Quite conspicuous is the meaning of a "couple" in the phrase satt'aṭṭha 7 or 8 = a couple, e.g. satt'aṭṭha divasā, a weck or so Ja I 86; Ja II 101; Vv-a 264 (saṃvaccharā years). — (b.) used as definite measure of quantity and distance, where it also implies the respectability of the gift, 8 being the lowest unit of items that may be given decently. Thus frequent as aṭṭha kahāpaṇā Ja I 483; IV 138; Vv-a 76; Miln 291. In distances: a. karīsā Dhp-a II 80; IV 217; Pv-a 258; a. usabhā Ja IV 142. (commentary) in combination with 100 and 1000 it assumes the meaning of "a great many", hundreds, thousands. Thus aṭṭha sataṃ 800, Snp 227. As denotation of wealth (cf. below under 18 and 80): a-sata-sahassa-vibhava Dhp-a IV 7. But aṭṭhasata at S IV 232 means 108 (3 X 36), probably also at Ja V 377. — aṭṭha sahassaṃ 8000 Ja V 39 (nāgā). The same meaning applies to 80 as well as to its use as unit in combination with any other decimal (18, 28, 38 etc.): (α) 80 (asīti) a great many. Here belong the 80 smaller signs of a Mahāpurisa (see anuvyañjana), besides the 32 main signs (see dvattiṃsa) Vv-a 213 etc. Frequently as measure of riches, e.g. 80 waggon loads Pv II 7 5 ; asīti-koṭivibhava Dhp-a III 129; Pv-a 196; asīti hatth'ubbedho rāsi (of gold) Vv-a 66, etc. See further references under asīti. (β) The following are examples of 8 with other decimals: 18 aṭṭhādasa (only M III 239: manopavicārā) and aṭṭhārasa (this the later form) Vv-a 213 (avenika-Buddha-dhammā: Bhagavant's qualities); as measure Ja VI 432 (18 hands high, of a fence); of a great mass or multitue: aṭṭhārasa koṭiyo or °koṭi, 18 koṭis Ja I 92 (of gold), 227; IV 378 (°dhana, riches); Dhp-a II 43 (of people); Miln 20 (the same); aṭṭhārasa-akkhohini-saṅkhāya Ja VI 395. a. vatthū Vin II 204. — 28 aṭṭhavīsati nakkhattāni Nidd I 382; paṭisallāṇaguṇā Miln 140. — 38 aṭṭhatiṃsā Miln 359 (rājaparisā). — 48 aṭṭhacattārīsaṃ vassāni Snp 289. — 68 aṭṭhasaṭṭhi Thag 1217 °sitā savitakkā, where the same passage at S I 187 however reads atha saṭṭhi-tasitā vitakkā); Ja I 64 (turiya-satasahassāni) — 98 aṭṭhanavuti (cf. 98 the age of Eli, 1 Sam. 4:15) Snp 311 (rogā, a higher set than the original 3 diseases, cf. navuti). (2) As number of symmetry or of an intrinsic, harmonious, symmetrical set, aṭṭha denotes, like dasa (q.v.) a comprehensive unity. See especially the compounds for this application. °aṃsa and °aṅgika. Closely related to nos. 2 and 4 aṭṭha is in the geometrical progression of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, where each subsequent number shows a higher symmetry or involves a greater importance (cf. 8 X 8 under 1 a) — Ja V 409 (a. maṅgalena samannāgata, of Indra's chariot: with the 8 lucky signs); Vv-a 193 (aṭṭhahi akkhaṇehi vajjitaṃ manussabhāvaṃ: the 8 unlucky signs). In progression: Ja IV 3 (aṭṭha petiyo, following after 4, then followed by 16, 32); Pv-a 75 (a. kapparukkhā at each point of the compass 32 in all). Further: 8 expressions of bad language Dhp-a IV 3. -aṃsa with eight edges, octagonal, octahedral, implying perfect or divine symmetry (see above B. 2), of a diamond D I 76 = M III 121 (maṇi veḷuriyo a.); Miln 282 (maṇiratanaṃ subhaṃ jātimantaṃ a.) of the pillars of a heavenly palace (Vimāna) Ja VI 127 = 173 = Vv 78 2 (a. sukatā thambhā); Vv 84 15 (āyataṃsa = āyatā hutvā aṭṭha-soḷasa-dvattiṃsādi-aṃsavanto Vv-a 339). Of a ball of string Pv {16} IV 3 28 (gulaparimaṇḍala, cf. Pv-a 254). Of geometrical figures in general Dhs 617; -aṅga (of) eight parts, eightfold, consisting of eight ingredients or constituents (see also next and above B 2 on significance of aṭṭha in this connection), in compounds with °upeta characterised by the eight parts (i.e. the observance of the first eight of the commandments or vows, see sīla and cf. aṅga 2), of uposatha, the fast-day A I 215; Snp 402 (Pj II 378 explains ekam pi divasaṃ apariccajanto aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ uposathaṃ upavassa); cf. aṭṭhaṅguposathin (adjective) Mhv 36, 84. In BHS always in phrase aṣṭāṅga-samanvāgata upavāsa, e.g. Divy 398; Avadānaśataka I 338, 399; also vrata Avadānaśataka I 170. In the same sense aṭṭhaṅgupeta pāṭihāriyapakkha (cf sub voce pāṭihāriya) Snp 402, where Vv 15 6 has °susamāgata (explained at Vv-a 72 by pānāṭipātā veramaṇī-ādīhi aṭṭhah'aṅgehi samannāgata). °samannāgata endowed with the eight qualities (see aṅga 3), of rājā, a king D I 137 f., of brahmassara, the supreme or most excellent voice (of the Buddha) D II 211; Ja I 95; Vv-a 217. Also in BHS aṣṭāṅgopeta svara of the voice of the Buddha, e.g. Avadānaśataka I 149; -aṅgika having eight constituents, being made up of eight (intrinsic) parts, embracing eight items (see above B 2); of the uposatha (as in preceding aṭṭhaṅg'uposatha) Snp 401; of the "Eightfold Noble Path" (ariyo a. maggo). (Also in BHS as aṣṭāṅgika mārga, e.g. Lal 540, cf. aṣṭāṅgamārgadeśika of the Buddha, Divy 124, 265); D I 156, 157, 165; M I 118; It 18; Snp 1130 (magga uttama); Dhp 191, 273; Thig 158, 171; Khp IV; Vin I 10; Nidd II 485; Sv I 313; Dhp-a III 402; -aṅgula eight finger-breadths thick, eight inches thick, i.e. very thick, of double thickness Ja II 91 (in contrast to caturaṅgula); Mhv 29, 11 (with sattaṅgula); -aḍḍha (v.l. aḍḍhaṭṭha) half of eight, i.e. four (°pāda) Ja VI 354, see also aḍḍha 1 ; -nakha having eight nails or claws Ja VI 354 (ekekasmiṃ pāde dvinnaṃ dvinnaṃ khurānaṃ vasena commentary); -nava eight or nine Dhp-a III 179; -pada 1. a chequered board for gambling or playing drafts etc., literally having eight squares, i.e. on each side (Sv I 85: ekekāya pantiyā aṭṭha aṭṭha padāni assā ti), cf. dasapada D I 6. 2. eightfold, folded or plaited in eight, cross-plaited (of hair) Thag 772 (aṭṭhāpada-katā kesā); Ja II 5 (°ṭṭhapana = cross-plaiting); -padaka a small square (⅛), i.e. a patch Vin I 297; II 150; -pāda an octopod, a kind of (fabulous) spider (or deer?) Ja V 377; VI 538; cf. Sanskrit aṣṭapāda = śarabha a fabulous eight-legged animal; -maṅgala having eight anspicious signs Ja V 409 (explained here to mean a horse with white hair on the face, tail, mane, and breast, and above each of the four hoofs); -vaṅka with eight facets, literally eight-crooked, i.e. polished on eight sides, of a jewel Ja VI 388; -vidha eightfold Dhs 219. Aṭṭha 2 see attha.
eight
【形】 八。~ma, ~maka,【形】 第八。~mī,【陰】農曆初八。
(idiom, idiom, card + masc) eight emancipations; eight liberations Construction: aṭṭha + vimokkhā
(card, card, x pl) eight (8) eight
(masc, masc, from attha) goal; purpose Construction: √ar + tha
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