mAra
Māra , m. (= Pali id. ), the Evil One, the adversary and tempter ; regularly with ep. pāpīyāṃs; often styled Namuci , q.v. ; sometimes the great yakṣa , q.v. : in the singular, so usually, as the One who tries to thwart the Bodhisattva or Buddha and his followers, SP 63.6 ; 64.2 ; 145.2, 3 ; LV 260.17 ff. ; 267.2 ; 299.20 ff. (long chapter on his temptations of and attacks on Śākyamuni); Divy 144.14 ; 145.4 ; 201.22 ff. ; 202.2 ff. (here, as often, tempts Buddha to enter nirvāṇa); Jm 19.20 ff. ; an unspecific plurality of Māras, SP 64.3 ; Śikṣ 49.7 f. mārāḥ pāpīyāṃso bodhisattvasya viheṭhanām (so with ms. ) upasaṃharanti; in Gv 444.12 there is a Māra named Suvarṇaprabha who tries to interfere with a Bodhisattva named Vimalaprabha in his quest of enlightenment; Māra is converted(!) by Upagupta, Divy 357.1 ff. ; there are ten Māra-karmāṇi, deeds of Satan , of which an erring Bodhisattva may be guilty, Śikṣ 151.13—152.19 (listed in detail); plurality of Māras, in Pali 3, 4, or 6 (in the latter case including Abhisaṃkhāra-māra, which has not been noted in BHS , cf. abhisaṃskāra ), whereas in BHS they are standardly four, viz. (the order varies) Kleśa-māra, Skandha-māra, Mṛtyu-māra, and Devaputra-māra (the last means the anthropomorphic Evil One; excellent brief statements on the others, which mean in effect quasi-personifications of kleśa etc. , in Childers s.v. Māro); to these corresp. Pali Kilesa-, Khandha-, Maccu-, and Devaputta-māra (but in Pali , even when the Māras number four, it need not be these four); only two named SP 290.9 (śrāvakāṃś) ca bodhisattvāṃś ca skandhamāreṇa vā kleśamāreṇa vā sārdhaṃ yudhyamānān …, in next line (10) sarva-māranirghātanaṃ; similarly in Mv iii.273.2 only two, Kleśamāro bhagno; Devaputramāro bhagno; but usually all four are named, so Mv iii.281.7 f. ; Dharmas 80 ; Śikṣ 198.10 f. ; Sādh 20.1—2 ; exigences of meter may cause abbreviations, as in LV 224.18—19 where all mss. and Calc. have all four names in full, but meter requires Devamāra instead of Devaputra°; so LV 354.11—12 ( vss ) anena jitu Skandhamāras tatha Mṛtyu-Kleśa-māraḥ ( v.l. Mṛtyumāra-Kleśamārāḥ, bad meter), anena jitu Devaputramāras; four Māras referred to but not listed Dbh.g. 55(81).3, 14 ; Gv 472.15 .