zōngpài
大聖出世，說大小半滿之諸教，攝化一切機緣。滅後賢聖各依教分宗以化益有緣。今列舉滅後三國之諸宗如下。（CBETA註：見天竺宗派、支那宗派、日本宗派諸條。）
Sects (of Buddhism). In India, according toChinese accounts, the two schools of Hīnayāna became divided into twentysects. Mahāyāna had two main schools, the Mādhyamika, ascribed to Nāgārjunaand Āryadeva about the second century A. D., and the Yogācārya, ascribed toAsaṅga and Vasubandhu in the fourth century A. D. In China thirteen sectswere founded: (1) 俱舍宗 Abhidharma or Kośa sect, representing Hīnayāna,based upon the Abhidharma-kosa-śāstraor 俱舍論. (2) 成實宗Satyasiddhi sect, based on the 成實論Satyasiddhi-śāstra,tr. by Kumārajīva; no sect corresponds to it in India; in China and Japan itbecame incorporated in the 三論宗. (3) 律宗 Vinaya or Discipline sect, basedon 十誦律, 四分律, 僧祗律, etc. (4) 三論宗 The threeśāstrasect, based on theMādhyamika-śāstra中觀論 of Nāgārjuna, theSata-śāstra百論 of Āryadeva, and theDvādasa-nikāya-śāstra十二門論 of Nāgārjuna; this schooldates back to the translation of the threeśāstras by Kumārajīva in A. D. 409. (5) 涅槃宗 Nirvāṇasect, based upon theMahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra涅槃經 tr. byDharmaraksa in 423; later incorporated in Tiantai, with which it had much incommon. (6) 地論宗 Daśabhūmikā sect, based on Vasubandhu's work on the tenstages of the bodhisattva's path to Buddhahood, tr. by Bodhiruci 508,absorbed by the Avataṃsaka school, infra. (7) 淨土宗 Pure-land or Sukhāvatīsect, founded in China by Bodhiruci; its doctrine was salvation throughfaith in Amitābha into the Western Paradise. (8) 禪宗dhyāna, meditative or intuitional sect, attributed toBodhidharma about A. D. 527, but it existed before he came to China. (9) 攝論宗, based upon the 攝大乘論Mahāyāna-saṃparigraha-śāstrabyAsaṅga, tr. by Paramārtha in 563, subsequently absorbed by the Avataṃsakasect. (10) 天台宗 Tiantai, based on the 法華經SaddharmapuṇḍarīkaSūtra, or theLotus of the Good Law; it is aconsummation of the Mādhyamika tradition. (11) 華嚴宗 Avataṃsaka sect, basedon theBuddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra, orGandha-vyūha華嚴經 tr. in 418. (12) 法相宗 Dharmalakṣaṇa sect, established after thereturn of Xuanzang from India and his trans. of the important Yogācāryaworks. (13) 真言宗 Mantra sect, A. D. 716. In Japan twelve sects are named:Sanron, Hossō, Kegon, Kusha, Jōjitsu, Ritsu, Tendai, Shingon; these areknown as the ancient sects, the two last being styled mediaeval; therefollow the Zen and Jōdo; the remaining two are Shin and Nichiren; at presentthere are the Hossō, Kegon, Tendai, Shingon, Zen, Jōdo, Shin, and Nichirensects.
sect; faction; school
一宗派 凡教義之宣布、儀式、行事之內容等皆相同者，即同屬一宗派，如寺院、教會或其他宗教團體。又作宗門、宗旨。佛世時，佛教僧尼團體本稱僧伽（梵 saṃgha），為當時唯一之教團，然於佛陀入滅後數百年之間則產生十八至二十個部派；至大乘佛教，因學說分歧，又有中觀派、瑜伽派之形成。 中國佛教產生學派之初，僧人未必屬於一定之僧團。直至各種教義紛紛確立，祖師之傳承逐漸受重視，宗派之名稱，遂成為該一僧團之代表。 中國佛教宗派之產生，約於隋唐時代，有十三宗之說。所謂十三宗，即：毘曇、成實、律、三論、涅槃、地論、攝論、淨土、禪、天台、華嚴、法相、密宗等。禪宗有五家七宗之說，五家即：臨濟、溈仰、曹洞、雲門、法眼等南宗禪流派。七宗即五家中之臨濟宗又分出楊岐派、黃龍派。 日本之宗派眾多，如：(1)南都六宗，即三論、法相、華嚴、俱舍、成實、律宗等；(2)八宗，於上述之六宗再加天台、真言二宗；(3)八家九宗，於上述八宗再加禪宗；(4)十宗，於上述九宗再加淨土宗；(5)十二宗，於上述十宗再加淨土真宗、日蓮宗；(6)十三宗五十六派，一九四O年頃日本佛教之宗派，於十二宗中除去三論、成實、俱舍，禪宗則分出臨濟宗、曹洞宗、黃檗宗，再加上融通念佛宗、時宗。一九四五年以後，日本新增之宗派更是不可勝計。p3967
宗教的支派。