比丘營不如法事而為生活,謂之邪命。有五種:一、詐現異相,於世俗之人詐現奇特之相,以求利養者。二、自說功能,說自己功德,以求利養者。三、占相吉凶,學占卜而說人之吉凶以求利養者。四、高聲現威,大言莊語而現威勢,以求利養者。五、說所得利以動人心,於彼得利,則於此稱說之,於此得利,則於彼稱說之,以求利養者。見智度論十九。
(五邪) The five improper ways of gain or livelihood for a monk, i. e. (1) changing his appearance, e. g. theatrically; (2) advertising his own powers and virtue; (3) fortuning by physiognomy, etc.; (4) hectoring and bullying; (5) praising the generosity of another to induce the hearer to bestow presents.
一五邪命 指比丘以五種邪法求取利養而活命。即:(1)詐現異相,謂諸比丘違反佛之正教,於世俗人前詐現奇特之相,令其心生敬仰。(2)自說功能,謂諸比丘以辯口利詞,抑人揚己,自逞功能,令所見者心生信敬。(3)占相吉凶,謂諸比丘攻學異術,卜命相形、講談吉凶。(4)高聲現威,謂諸比丘大語高聲,詐現威儀令人畏敬。(5)說所得利以動人心,所得利,指所受之供養。謂諸比丘於彼得利則稱說於此,於此得利則稱說於彼,令人動心。此五種皆是不正當之活命方法,為比丘者當深戒之。〔大智度論卷十九〕p1452