金剛界五智所成之五如來也。一大日如來，法界體性智所成。二阿閦如來，大圓鏡智所成。三寶生如來，平等性智所成。四無量壽如來，妙觀察智所成。五不空成就如來，成所作智所成。見五智條。菩提心論曰：「東方阿閦佛因成大圓鏡智，亦名金剛智也。南方寶生佛由成平等性智，亦名灌頂智也。西方阿彌陀佛由成妙觀察智，亦名蓮華智，亦名轉法輪智也。北方不空成就佛，由成成所作智，亦名羯磨智也。中方毗廬遮那佛，由成法界智。」
五智五佛; 五佛; 五如來 The five Dhyāni-Buddhas, or Wisdom-Tathāgatas of the Vajradhātu 金剛界, idealizations of five aspects of wisdom; possibly of Nepalese origin. The Wisdom Buddha represents the dharmakāyaor Buddha-mind, also the Dharma of the triratna, or trinity. Each evolves one of the five colours, one of the five senses, a Dhyani-bodhisattva in two forms one gracious, the other fierce, and a Mānuṣi-Buddha; each has his own śakti, i. e. feminine energy or complement; also his own bīja, or germ-sound 種子 or 印 seal, i. e. 真言 real or substantive word, the five being for 大日 aṃ, for 阿閦 hūṃ, for 寶生 ? hrīḥ, for 彌陀 ? aḥ, for 不 空 ? āḥ. The five are also described as the emanations or forms of an Ādi-Buddha, Vajrasattva; the four are considered by others to be emanations or forms of Vairocana as the Supreme Buddha. The five are not always described as the same, e. g. they may be 藥師 (or 王) Bhaiṣajya, 多寶 Prabhūtaratna, Vairocana, Akṣobhya, and either Amoghasiddhi or Śākyamuni. Below is a classified list of the generally accepted five with certain particulars connected with them, but these differ in different places, and the list can only be a general guide. As to the Dhyāni-bodhisattvas, each Buddha evolves three forms 五佛生五菩薩, 五金剛, 五忿怒, i. e.(1) a bodhisattva who represents the Buddha'sdharmakāya, or spiritual body;(2) a vajra or diamond form who represents his wisdom in graciousness; and(3) a fierce or angry form, the 明王 who represents his power against evil. (1) Vairocana appears in the three forms of 轉法輪菩薩 Vajra-pāramitā Bodhisattva, 遍照金剛 Universally Shining Vajrasattva, and 不動明王 Ārya-Acalanātha Rāja;(2) Akṣobhya's three forms are 虛空藏 Ākāśagarbha, 如意 complete power, and 軍荼利明王 Kuṇḍalī-rāja;(3) Ratnasaṃbhava's are 普賢 Samantabhadra, 薩埵 Sattvavajra, and 孫婆 or 降三世明王 Trailokyavijayarāja;(4) Amitābha's are 觀世音 Avalokiteśvara, 法金剛 Dharmarāja, and 馬頭明王 Hayagrīva, the horse-head Dharmapāla;(5) Amoghasiddhi's are 彌勒 Maitreya, 業金剛 Karmavajra, and 金剛夜叉 Vajrayakṣa.
一五智如來 密教以五智配於五佛，稱為五智如來。即：(1)大日如來，位於中央部位，具足法界體性智。(2)阿閦如來，位於東方部位，具足大圓鏡智。(3)寶生如來，位於南方部位，具足平等性智。(4)阿彌陀如來，位於西方部位，具足妙觀察智。(5)不空成就如來，或作釋迦如來，位於北方部位，具足成所作智。〔菩提心論〕（參閱「五智」1525）p1526
五智如來 密教金剛、胎藏兩界各有五佛配屬五智，此稱為五智如來。大日如來在中央，阿閦如來在東方，寶生如來在南方，阿彌陀如來在西方，北方是不空成就如來。或說西方是觀自在王如來。或說北方是釋迦如來，或微妙聲或天鼓音如來。 若將五佛配屬五智，則法界體性智是大日，大圓鏡智配阿□，平等性智屬寶生，妙觀察智為阿彌陀，成所作智配屬不空成就。但是，實際上，每一佛都各具五智，所以《即身成佛義》載云（大正77‧381c）︰「各具五智無際智。」倘進而就廣義而解，則國土草木五大所成者無不是五智之顯現，也都是五智如來；這是即事而真的實義。此外，被當作五智如來而供奉的五佛是阿彌陀、釋迦、藥師、彌勒、大日。但是此說出自何據，並不清楚。 返回 總目錄