外論之名。譯曰觀察。闍提首那所造。廣釋二十五諦。飾宗記七末曰：「依涅槃經第三十九，名闍提首那，彼造三彌叉論，此云觀察，廣辨二十五諦。」涅槃經三十九曰：「闍提首那，與佛論二十五諦遂屈伏，剃髮而為弟子。」梵Samiksa。
Samīkṣā, 觀察 investigation, i.e. the Sāṃkhya, a system of philosophy, wrongly ascribed by Buddhists to 闍提首那 Jātisena, or 闍耶犀那 Jayasena, who debated the twenty-five Sāṃkhya principles (tattvas) with Śākyamuni but succumbed, shaved his head and became a disciple, according to the 涅槃經 39.