neuter · ṭhāna 07 · ṭhāna 01
place
Ṭhāna (ṭ-ṭhāna) (neuter) [Vedic sthāna, sthā, see tiṭṭhati; cf. Sanskrit sthāman Greek σταθμίς, Latin stamen] ° I. Connotation. As one of the 4 iriyāpathā (behaviours) 1. contrasted (a) as standing position with sitting or reclining; (b) as rest with motion; 2. by itself without particular characterization as location. II. Meanings 1. Literal: place, region, locality, abode, part (-° of, or belonging to) (a) cattāri ṭhānāni dassanīyāni four places (in the career of Buddha) to be visited D II 140 = A II 120; vāse ṭhāne gamane Snp 40 (explained by Pj II 85 as mahā-upaṭṭhāna-saṅkhāte ṭhāne, but may be referred to I 1 (b)); ṭhānā cāveti to remove from one's place Snp 442; Ja IV 138; Pv-a 55 (spot of the body). (b) kumbha° (the "locality of the pitcher," i.e. the well) q.v.; arañña° (part of the forest) Ja I 253; Pv-a 32; nivāsana° (abode) Pv-a 76; phāsuka° Ja II 103; Pv-a 13; vasana° Ja I 150, 278; Vv-a 66; virūhana° (place for the growing of ...) Pv-a 7; vihāra (place of his sojourn) Pv-a 22; saka° (his own abode) Ja II 129; Pv-a 66. (c) In this meaning it approaches the metaphorical sense of "condition, {264} state" (see 2 and cf. gati) in: dibbāni ṭhānāni heavenly regions S I 21; tidivaṃ S I 96; saggaṃ ṭh. a happy condition Pv I 1 3 ; pitu gata° the place where my father went (after death) Pv-a 38; Yamassa ṭh. = pettivasaya Pv-a 59. (d) In its pregnant sense in combination with accuta and acala it represents the connotation I.1.b, i.e. perdurance, constancy, i.e. Nibbāna Vv 51 4 ; Dhp 225. 2. Applied meanings (a) state, condition; also —° (in singular) as collective-abstract suffix in the sense of being, behaviour (corresponding to English ending °hood, °ion, or °ing), where it resembles abstract formations in °tā and °ttaṃ (Sanskrit °tā and °tvaṃ), as lahuṭṭhāna = lahutā and collective formations in °ti (Sanskrit daśati ten-hood; devatāti godhead, sarvatāti = Pāli sabbattaṃ comprehensiveness; cf. also Latin civitātem, juventūtem). — S I 129 (condition) II 27 (asabha°) = M I 69; S III 57 (atasitā yaṃ fearless state): A II 118 f. (four conditions); Dhp 137 (dasannaṃ aññataraṃ th. nigacchati he undergoes one of the following ten conditions, i.e. items of affliction, explained at Dhp-a III 70 with kāraṇa "labours"), 309 (states = dukkha-kāraṇāni Dhp-a III 482, conditions of suffering or ordeals); hattha-pasāraṇa-ṭṭhāna condition of outstretched hands Dhp-a I 298; locative ṭhāne (—°) when required, at the occasion of ... Dhp-a I 89 (hasitabba°, saṃvega°, dātuṃ yutta°); pubbe nibbatta-ṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya "since the state (or the time) of his former birth" Pv-a 100. °vibhūsanaṭṭhāna ornamentation, decoration, things for adornment D I 5; Snp 59 (Sv I 77 superficially: ṭhānaṃ vuccati kāraṇaṃ; Pj II 112 simply vibhūsā eva v-ṭṭhānaṃ); jūta-pamāda° (gambling and intoxication) D I 6 (cf. explained at Pj I 26); gata° and āgata° (her) going and coming Ja III 188; — pariccāga° distribution of gifts Pv-a 124. (b) (part =) attribute, quality, degree: aggasāvaka° (degrees of discipleship) Vv-a 2; especially in set of 10 attributes, viz. rūpa (etc. 1-5), āyu, vaṇṇa, sukha, yasa, ādhipateyya D III 146; S IV 275; Pv II 9 58 , also collectively [see (a)] as dasaṭṭhānaṃ S I 193; out of these are mentioned as 4 attributes āyu, vaṇṇa, sukha, bala at Vv 32 7 ; other ten at A V 129 (pāsaṃsāni). (c) (counterpart =) object (°- for), thing; item, point; plural grounds, ways, respects. With a numeral often = a (five)fold collection of ... S IV 249 f. (5 objects or things, cf. German funferlei); A III 54 f. (the same), 60 f., 71 f.; etehi tīhi ṭhānehi on these 3 grounds Dhp 224; manussā tīhi ṭhānehi bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavanti: kāyena vācāya manasā (in 3 ways, qualities or properties) A 151 f.; Cp II 119 f. (= saṃvutaṃ tīhi ṭhānehi Dhp 391); catuhi ṭhānehi in commentary equals catuhi ākārehi or kāraṇehi pāmujjakaraṇaṃ ṭh. (object) Snp 256; ekaccesu ṭhānesu sameti ekaccesu na sameti "I agree in certain points, but not in others" D I 162; kaṅkhaniya° doubtful point S IV 350, 399; — n'atthi aññaṃ ṭhānaṃ no other means, nothing else Dhp-a II 90; agamanīya° something not to be done, not allowed Vv-a 72; cf. also kamma°. (d) (standpoint =) ground for (assumption) reason, supposition, principle, especially a sound conclusion, logic, reasonableness (opposite a° see 4): garayhaṃ th. āgacchati "he advocates a faulty principle" D I 161; {290} catuhi ṭh. paññāpeti (four arguments) S III 116; IV 38; ṭhāna-kusala accomplished in sound reasoning S III 61 f. (satta°); A II 170 f. Also with aṭṭhāna-kusala: see below 4. III. Adverbial use of some cases accusative ṭhānaṃ: ettakaṃ ṭh. even a little bit Dhp-a I 389. — ablative ṭhānaso: in combination with hetuso with reason and cause, causally conditioned [see 2 (d)] S V 304; A III 417; V 33; Nett 94 (ñāṇa); without moving (see I 1 (b) and cf. Latin statim) i.e. without an interval or a cause (of change), at once, immediately, spontaneously, impromptu (cf. compound °uppatti) S I 193; V 50, 321, 381; Pv I 4 4 (= khaṇaṃ yeva Pv-a 19). — locative ṭhāne instead = like, as dhītu ṭhāne ṭhapesi he treats her like a daughter Vv-a 209; puttaṭṭhāne as a son Ja II 132. IV. Contrasted with negation of term (ṭhāna and aṭṭhāna). The meanings in this category are restricted to those mentioned above under 1 [especially 1 (c)] and 2 (d), viz. the relations of place and not place (or wrong place, also as proper time and wrong time), i.e. somewhere and nowhere, and of possibility and impossibility (truth and falsehood). (a) ṭhānaṃ upagacchati (paṭhaviyā) to find a (resting) place on the ground, to stay on the ground (by means of the law of attraction and gravitation) Miln 255; opposite na ṭhānaṃ upa° to find no place to rest, to go into nothingness Miln 180, 237, 270. (b) ṭhānaṃ vijjati there is a reason, it is logically sound, it is possible D I 163, 175; M III 64; Paṭis II 236 f.; cf. Mvu II 448; opposite na etaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati it is not possible, feasible, plausible, logically correct Vin II 284; D I 104, 239; M II 10; III 64; Miln 237; Nett 92 f. (c) aṭṭhānaṃ an impossibility Snp 54 (aṭṭhāna, with elision of ṃ); aṭṭhāne at the wrong time Ja I 256; ṭhāna is that one of the gatis which is accessible to human influence, as regards gifts of relief or sacrifice (this is the pettivisaya), whilst aṭṭhāna applied to the other 4 gatis (see gati) Pv-a 27 f. In compound ṭhānāṭhāna-gata it means referring or leading to good and bad places (gatis): of sabbe khayadhammā (i.e. keci saggūpagā keci apāyūpagā) Nett 94. In combination apucchi nipuṇe pañhe ṭhānāṭhānagate (Miln 1) it may mean either questions concerning possibilities and impossibilities or truths and falsehoods, or questions referring to happy and unhappy states (of existence); ṭhānāṭhāna-ñāṇa is "knowledge of correct and faulty conclusions" Nett 94, cf. Kv 231 f.; the same combination occurs with °kusala °kusalatā "accomplished or skilled (and skill) in understanding correct or faulty conclusions" D III 212 (one of the ten powers of the Buddha); M III 64; Dhs 1337, 1338 (translation by Mrs. Rh.D. as "skill in affirming or negating causal conjuncture" BMPE 323). In the same sense: ṭhānaṃ ṭhānato pajānāti (and aṭṭhānaṃ aṭṭhānato p.) to draw a logical inference from that which is a proper ground for inference (i.e. which is logical) S V 304; M I 69 f. = A III 417; V 33. -uppatti arising instantaneously (see ṭhānaso, above III) Vv-a 37; Ja VI 308 (°kāraṇavindana finding a means right on the spot); °ka (adjective) on the spot, momentary, spontaneous Ja VI 304.
standing; the act of standing, being fixed or stationary; continuance; a place; a locality; a spot; a site; a location; a suitable place; a worthy object; region, sphere; metaphysical or spiritual state; situation; station; office; position; position; state; occasion; case, occurrence; matter; quality; attribute, characteristic; ground, basis; reason, cause; stance; standpoint; condition
【中】 地方，位置，環境，理由，辦公室，因素，站立在，停留。~so,【副】 就理由和因素。
(nt, nt, from tiṭṭhati) context; circumstance; setting; situation [lit.] standing Construction: √ṭhā + ana
(nt, nt, from tiṭṭhati) (physical) place place, locality [lit.] standing Construction: √ṭhā + ana
(nt, nt, from tiṭṭhati) reason; grounds; basis; cause condition, reason, office, cause [lit.] standing Construction: √ṭhā + ana
…该来源共 11 条释义